My Parents Were Members of a Cult †This is My Story :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Parents Were Members of a Cult – This is My Story There, in the far corner of the room, crouched a little girl. She had sad, brown eyes that were welling over with enormous tear drops. Whats wrong? I asked soothingly. Her only response was a sniffle as if she didn't hear. I couldn't reach her; I didn't know how. Frantically, I began screaming and yelling, waving my arms violently in the air. Why wouldn't she look at me? What was wrong with this child? My parents were divorced when I was only two. I was too young to realize what had happened. Their separation had little effect on me at the time, but I would later realize how much this had hurt me. I was left to live with my mother and my older sister. Within a few years, my mom met a man named Arthur. He was a musician. They began seeing a lot of each other and eventually decided to tie the knot. I dressed in pink with pig tails holding my golden locks back from my face. I looked like an angel, but behind this angelic face was pain and suffering that would eventually surface as a teenager. "This little piggy ran all the way home!," teased my new step-father as he tickled me. It didn't take long to warm up to this guy. Being so young, I don't think I realized that he wasn't my father. I was a kid, nothing affected me so when my mother stopped coming home at night, I didn't worry. Church became a regular routine at the Drummond household. Prayer in the morning, at night, chapters and chapters of the Bible, speaking in tongues, the Holy Spirit. These were things that we became accustomed to. I would hear my mother speaking in tongues. To me, it sounded like a foreign language. I could never understand what she was saying. It was almost scary to see my mother screaming these strange words, but I eventually got use to it. Day after day, I started seeing less and less of my mother. She and my stepfather devoted all of their time to the church. It was called "Christ Church in Action." Before long, we were packing our bags and heading to Smithfield. It was a place I had never heard of, but would later learn to love. We moved so that we could be closer to the church.

Postcolonial Theory & Feminism Essay

Postcolonial theory is actually a growing as well as a controversial field. Some of the critics understand postcolonial theory as hypothetically and incoherent not worth mentioning at its best and political harmful at its worst. Post colonial theory is however superficial as an uncritical condemnation of the Western nations, cultures as well as values. For some reasons, these wrong interpretations materialize from a lack of intellectual commitment with the topics in that same field. These critics are actually motivated by a political desire which is out to sustain and legitimize the power of Western values, nations together with the cultures. This paper will respond to these types of distortions. The paper will identify how philosophical reflections might assist people to understand the nature of connections between dissimilar cultures. After the introduction together with the main problems in the field of postcolonial theory, the paper will talk so much about the early theorists of anti-colonialism. However, postcolonial theory must be conceptualized as an extension of the aforementioned anti colonial struggles. In this situation one is able to understand fully the connections between colonialism and the western philosophy. At times when the West tends to control as well as shaping different cultures and the way of their thinking, the study of the way different cultures interacted during the past seems tremendously necessary. As a result, feminist theory is the expansion of feminism into philosophical or theoretical position. It tends to encompass the work done in a very broad variety of disciplines, importantly including the approaches towards women’s roles and lives together with the feminist politics in sociology and anthropology. Feminist theory always aims at understanding the natural history of inequality and it actually focuses on power relations, femininity politics as well as sexuality (Tiffin, 9). Postcolonial feminism is the main form of feminist philosophy which tends to criticize the Western forms of feminism, particularly liberal feminism as well as fundamental feminism plus their universalism of female experience. The postcolonial feminists argue that the cultures that are impacted by the colonialism are often vastly different and it should be treated that way. Colonial oppression might result in glorification of pre-colonial culture in which in cultures with traditions of stratification of power along the lines of gender, could somehow mean the acceptance or refusal to deal with, inherent matters of gender inequality. Postcolonial feminists does not present a united front on feminist issues, but it can be described as the feminists who have always reacted against both universalizing tendencies in the Western feminist thought as well as a lack of attention to gender issues in mainstream postcolonial thought (Tiffin, 9). A lot of postcolonial feminists tend to argue that the oppressions connecting to the colonial experience, more especially class, radical together with ethnic oppressions, have marginalized women in postcolonial societies. In one way or the other, they tend to challenge the assumption whereby the gender domination is the most important force of patriarchy. Furthermore, postcolonial feminists point to the superficial interpretation of women of non-Western societies just like the passive and people who don’t have a voice, as opposed to the depiction of Western women as educated, modern as well as empowered. At the same time as demanding gender oppression contained by their individual cultures, postcolonial feminists in addition tends to fight the charges of being â€Å"Western†, just the way some would contend within their cultures (Reina, 46). As a result, feminism is the conviction in the social, political as well as the economic equality of women. It involves a variety of movements, philosophies and theories which are concerned with the idea of gender dissimilarities as well as campaigning for the rights of women together with their interests. Feminist theory came as a result of these particular feminist movements. The idea of postcolonial feminism arose right from the gender history of colonialism. The regal powers regularly imposed Westernized norms on top of colonized areas. In the year 1940 to 1950, immediately after the creation of the United Nations, previous colonies were being supervised for what was deemed as social development by Western principles. The progression of women, in the middle of other variables, has always been supervised by questionably Western organizations for example the United Nations. Consequently, customary practices together with the roles taken up by women from time to time is regarded as objectionable by Western standards which could sometimes considered as a type of rebellion in opposition to colonial oppression. Postcolonial feminists, they really work so hard in order to fight femininity oppression in their individual cultural models of the social order relatively than from those of the Western. The fundamental theoretical principle of postcolonial feminism is that the concept of freedom, equality as well as rights stems right from the enlightenment together with privilege European and Western norms, instead of representing a universal ethical system (Boniface, 14). Postcolonial feminist writing tends to overlap a great deal with transnational feminism together with the third world feminism. Postcolonial feminism is somehow connected with post colonialism. However, there is an essential alliance among black feminists plus the postcolonial feminists because both of them have really struggled for identification by the Western feminists as well as men in their own individual ethnicity. As a result, feminist discourse actually shares a lot of similarities with post colonial theory and consequently both fields have always been thinking of being associative. They are both predominantly political and they are concerned with the struggle against injustice and oppression. However, both of them tend to refuse the established patriarchal, hierarchical system which is actually conquered by the hegemonic white men as well as passionately denying the hypothetical supremacy of mannish power together with the authority. The demoralized women are in this sense of the same kind with the colonized subject matter. Basically, exponents of post colonialism are very much reacting in opposition to colonialism in both the political and economical sense. The feminist theorists on the other hand are refusing colonialism of a sexual environment. In one way or the other, colonialism is the biggest iniquity for the reason that it mechanically entails the danger of misogynistic. Colonial oppression do affect the lives of women both socially and economically whereby it has forced postcolonial critics to take on a keener awareness of gender roles during the time when they are discussing imperialist exploits. In the same way, feminism has become very much aware of the post colonial counterparts in the latest period of time. The failure to acknowledge the historical specificity is actually damaging like any other assumptions which are based in chauvinism as well as ignorance. Feminists also tried to apply the intolerance of blanket terms towards post colonialism and they as well have subsequently been so much critical of post colonialists’ tendencies to construct one category of the colonized, hence ignoring the essential issues of gender differences (Reina, 29). There are quite a number of significant literary texts which are written both from post-colonial and feminist stand point. The texts usually share views about individuality and disparity of the subject and agreements on shared strategies of resistance against the external forces that are doctorial. Bill Ashcroft in his book, â€Å"Key Concepts in Post Colonial Studies† compares â€Å"writing place† in post-colonial theory to â€Å"writing the body† in feminism. This clearly indicates that colonized space in the discourse of feminist is the highly vulnerable body of the female. This therefore reflects the fertile and productive nature of the place and body that has got the power to yield crop and also to destroy it. They are both capable of ruthlessness when forced to it. Caryl Churchill’s controversial play â€Å"Cloud Nine† written in 1979 deals in a broader length with ‘double colonization’ towards women by their male counterparts and the colonial powers. Consequently, there is a critic of gender of familial and sexual duties in the ‘Victorian colonial society’. The play utilizes both cross-dressing and role-doubling in a comical way to fully explore the association between colonial and sexual oppression throughout history. The first act takes place in a British colony within Africa whereby Clive, one of the racist and sexist colonial administrator brings forth his stringent ideals both to his family and the natives of Africa. Being the superior white male, he identifies the roles that women and the natives must play. His doting and self effacing female counterpart is Betty. She says she is a man’s creation and what men want is what she wants to be. The boundaries of gender are fully closed as Betty is played by a man. This foregrounds her gender as a fiction that is constructed by a â€Å"male gaze†. The patriarchal society of Clive can not be able to envision the identity of women. Betty therefore, must just be played by a male actor and through Betty’s character; Churchill satirizes the traditional role of women who are subordinate in history. This forces us to recognize that the female identity is both a historical and a cultural construction. There are also some constructions of the pre-colonial that are strongly influenced by phallocentrice prejudice which defines a native woman as passive and subsidiary inferior. There are also more representations of female native figures in Western Art and Literature which perpetuate the myth of the female that is charged erotically. For instance, the primitive exotism danger of Ayesha in H. Rider Haggard’s novel â€Å"She† which is full of prejudice. And truly much of the 19th century, the black skin depicted sexual promiscuity and bad behavior It has been made clear that during the time the artists were attempting to make an ultimate change and the oppressive power connections encoded in the sense of nation, race and empire, together with those of class, gender and sexuality in tracing a path of feminist postcolonial concerns. The present feminist postcolonial theory goes on exerts a pressure on mainstream postcolonial theory on its constant iteration of the necessity to consider gender issues. Some time ago, feminist postcolonial theorists tent to criticize male theorists because of assuming the behavior of British men might take a stand for the behavior of imperial subjects in general or to symbolize the empire as a whole. The feminist postcolonial theories always engage the two fold project, to racialise mainstream feminist theory as well as to insert feminist concerns into conceptualizations of colonialism and post colonialism. Feminist postcolonial theory is concerned, among other things, to analyze the relationship among the western women and that is indigenous women (Tiffin, 9). Feminist is at present abandoned in a good number of feminist theories. The acknowledgment of subjectivity which tends to ground the feminist practice apparently doesn’t ground it for others. People don’t think the same way. However, ant-liberal feminist theory as well demonstrated and enacted its own failure to resolve the conflicts it debates so energetically. The conflicts are not going to be resolved by the theory. They cannot be resolved for the reason that women are human beings in spite of everything. Finally, that unbearable reality makes feminist theory important.

Human Resource Management The Guardian of Ethics

Critically evaluate if HRM managers can be the â€Å"Guardian of Ethics† in an organization. Human Resource Management is the process of acquiring, training, appraising and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety and fairness concern. â€Å"Human Resource Management is a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an array of cultural, structural and personal techniques† Storey (1995) Human Resource Management is a managerial perspective which argues the need to establish an integrated series of personnel policies to support organizational strategy. The concept of human resource management took the management world by storm during the 1980’s and had represented a significant change in direction. HRM is resource centered, directed mainly at management needs for human resources to be provided and deployed. An example could help explaining why human resource management has been important in an organization - the number of small and medium enterprises in India is estimated at 3.3 million, and they employ more than 18million people. SME’s account for 95% of the industrial units in India. More than half the people working in the United States-about 68 million out of 118million- work for small firms. Statistically speaking, therefore a good number of people graduating from schools, ITI’s and colleges in theShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Organizational Ethics?847 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Organizational Ethics? According to managementstudyguide.com, organizational ethics is the way an organization should respond to the external environment. Organization ethics includes various guidelines and principles which decide the way individuals should behave at the workplace. It also refers to the code of conduct of the individuals working in a particular organization. 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Martinez (2003) nonprofit organizations can have the misconception that they operate under some form of charitable immunity and avoid protecting against any risks andRead MoreOrganizational Staffing Plan Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to provide a staffing plan for Guardian Angel Daycare center. Although, we are a small business I will provide information that will show with the right amount of employees, possessing the knowledge, skill, and ability (KSA) skill sets we can maximize efficiency and meet the critical business needs at the appropriate times. In order for us to secure the licensure needed for our future expansion. 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The Need for Stricter Gun Laws in Micheal Gawendas Book, ...

In this expository article. â€Å"Americas lethal affair with the gun†, dated Februrary 6th, 2006, Micheal Gawenda contend s that America needs to be stricter on gun control laws. Gawenda, from The Age, writes the article with tones of dissension and assetiveness, but in a calm controlled way of approach. The intended audience of the article are the readers of The Age, as that is the source. Gawenda firmly believes that gun control laws in America are not strict enough, to persuade his readers, he uses a variety of persuasive devices, some used repetitively throughout the article. One persuasive device majority of the expository, was statistics. Throughout most paragraphs, the text includes the persuasive technique of statistics, for†¦show more content†¦Gawenda liked to include humour in his article, so besides having irony, he also had analogy. This was present at only one time, but it seem It was more than enough to persuade his readers. Gawenda critisises, writing â€Å"-and getting a gun permit in Virginia is about as easy as getting a library card.† hearing this provokes the readers to have an angry response. It giving them an example of just how much stricter laws are needed, if this is the comparison given- getting a library card. Readers become irate to hear the fact that most people can get hold of a gun. There were also appeals to readers invol ved in the article, including appeal to consequence, appeal to fear/security, appeal to humanity and appeal to paternalism. Gawenda cunningly adds each in the right times. Appeal to consequence is used in reflection of the whole article, it is the Gawenda implying that if the laws in America for gun control are not made stricter, it will affect you and those around you, that people are dying everyday anf that it will continue, that is also a part of humanity, to feel empathy

Ratios Analysis Example

Essays on Ratios Analysis Essay Ratio Analysis Question Among the ratios that were mentioned in the lecture, I was already familiar with the applications of current ratio and quick ratio. The current ratio indicates the relation between its current assets and current liabilities which signifies a particular business organization’s capability to satisfy its liabilities with the virtue of its acquired current assets to an extent. The main utilization of current ratio lies in the profitability of a business organization. It is generally computed as current assets divided by current liabilities (Drake, â€Å"Financial Ratio Analysis†). On the other hand, the quick ratio is the relation of quick assets towards current liabilities. Fundamentally, ratio of quick assets is computed as current assets less inventory or stock. However, quick ratios signify a particular business organization’s capability in order to satisfy current liabilities with its major liquid asset such as stock (Drake, â€Å"Financial Ratio Analysis†). The main execution of quick ratio lies in quick utilization of current assets within a business organization by subtracting the value of inventory or stock out of the sum total of current assets. It is generally calculated by subtracting inventory or stock from current assets which is again divided by current liabilities (Saleem Rehman, â€Å"Impacts of Liquidity Ratios on Profitability†). Hence, the current ratio of a business is mainly used in satisfying its current liabilities with the virtue of its acquired current assets. On the other hand, the quick ratio of a business orga nization is mainly used in satisfying its current liabilities with its major liquid asset such as stock. Question 2 In the year 2010, in lieu of financial performances, Microsoft Corporation’s revenue attained a high margin of $62.5 billion which signifies that there is an increase of 7% as compared with the previous financial year i.e. 2009. In this connection, the operating earnings of Microsoft eventually rose by 18% to $24.1 billion (Microsoft Corporation, â€Å"2011 Annual Report†). It has been noted that in the year 2010, Microsoft’s total assets amounted to $86,113 million along with long term obligations of around $13,791 million. It is clear from this financial implication that in the year 2010, Microsoft possessed more value in its total assets compared with its long term obligations. The total current assets of Microsoft in the year 2010 amounted to $55,676 million and the total current liabilities amounted to $26,147 million. Hence, the current ratio of Microsoft in the financial year of 2010 was approximately 2.13. In the year 2009, the total current assets amounted to $49,280 million and the total current liabilities amounted to $27,034. Hence, the current ratio of Microsoft in the financial year 2009 was approximately 1.82 (Microsoft Corporation, â€Å"2010 Annual Report†). Hence, it can be apparently noticed that the current assets of Microsoft Corporation in both financial years of 2010 and 2009 remained almost higher than the organization’s current liabilities. In this connection, the current liability of Microsoft Corporation remained high only in the year 2009 and not in 2010. Though the current liability decreased, the current ratio of Microsoft Corporation remained positive in both financial years. Thus, the above mentioned interpretations eventually indicate Microsoft Corporation’s improvement as a financially strong company, particularly for the fiscal year 2010 in comparison to 2009. References Drake, P. P. â€Å"Financial Ratio Analysis†. February 08, 2012. Measures of Liquidity, No Date. Microsoft Corporation. â€Å"2011 Annual Report†. February 08, 2012. Financial Highlights, 2011. Microsoft Corporation. â€Å"2010 Annual Report†. February 08, 2012. Balance Sheets, 2010. Saleem, Q. Rehman, R. U. â€Å"Impacts of Liquidity Ratios on Profitability. February 08, 2012. Introduction, 2011.

Predestination Christianity and Romans Free Essays

string(33) " fair and that he is not loving\." Predestination is one of the most widely debated topics in the Christian world among many denominations today. There are many differing views and it is a harder topic to explain and understand. Often this topic is argued by twisting or taking the bible out of context. We will write a custom essay sample on Predestination: Christianity and Romans or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand many people truly don’t understand predestination and what it means or what it is. Others don’t want to understand predestination because of their fear that it might be truth. This paper will be outlining predestination and Calvinism by explaining this view as well as taking a deeper look into how Romans Galatians fits into this view. Predestination has been defined in many ways by the many different denominations. Predestination is ultimately defined in our final destination is decided by God before we were even born. God decides if we are to be saved or not. He has foreordained all things that have come to pass and will continue into the future. It is the act that God chooses those whom he wants to be saved and the rest are left for eternal punishment in hell. This is not because God is unloving but because he is just and righteous. In the end the goal and duty as Christians are to bring glory to God and to evangelize as many as possible. Our concentration should be on Christ. Predestination is divided into two parts: election and reprobation. Election is unconditional and absolute; it is God’s election of man to salvation, not because of man’s works or merit. Election and reprobation have their basis in the good pleasure of God. Reprobation is defined as preterition and condemnation. Preterition is the passing over of some in the decree of election. God owes man nothing but judgment shown in Matt 20:15. God chooses whom he wants and man cannot justly argue against God for passing over him in election, which is God’s choice of condemnation. God’s choice of saving people is the same as God’s choice of the condemnation of others. Condemnation is an act of God as a sovereign judge. This condemnation comes from sin, which also damns man to hell. In order for God to be righteous and glorified those who are in sin should be punished. Everything is done for the glory of God 2 Tim 1:9, Heb. 2:10. The fact that some are elected and others are not is explained through God’s glory and sovereignty. Anything that God does is for his glory and this is best demonstrated through his decrees. The decrees of God are his eternal purpose according to the council of His will, where by for His own glory, He hath foreordained what so ever comes to pass† (Shorter Catechism #8). God’s decrees are free, sovereign, absolute, and efficacious. God’s decrees are free in that he moves by his own good pleasure. God’s decrees are sovereign because nothing occurs outside of God’s control or knowledg e. God is a God who reigns and is in control and not limited in any way. God’s decrees are absolute because they are not dependent upon any conditions that are not themselves determined by divine decree. God’s decrees are efficacious in that they infallibly determine the certainty of the future events decreed. These decrees are for God’s glory alone and not all ways for the good of the creature. God’s decrees relate to all events and comprehend all things in heaven and in earth. Therefore His providence is determined through his decrees. Though God’s providence he preserves and directs all his creatures. In the view of predestination God cares especially for his elect. In predestination the more debated topic is that of man’s free will. This free will is the choice that man has to choose God or choose to let the Holy Spirit work. This free will can be defined as freedom of indeterminacy or uncertainty, freedom of self-determination, and the power to contrary choice. Self-determination is directing ones self from the inside with no direction from the outside. The argument against predestination determines that a sinner freely chooses God or rejects Christ. The question of will is not whether man wills or even has a will, but whether God determines their will for good. Likewise the question is not whether a man chooses; but whether his choice has a cause or reason. This choice or lack there of is shown through the fact that man is a slave to sin John 8:34. As a slave to sin can man truly choose that which is good? One example of this is in the truth that God cannot lie. It is against his nature. God does not want to lie, so he cannot lie through his own free will Titus 1:2. Some verses talking about the will of man include John 6:65 which states, â€Å"no one can come to me unless it has been granted to him by the father. † In John 17:12 Jesus says that he has kept all those whom God has given him. According to John 6 man in his free will cannot believe because it is not in his heart to do so. Predestination suggests that if man can choose God by the free will of his corrupt and perverse heart, it gives him more liberty and power than God himself. There is a barrier that every man cannot over come. That is the barrier of sin. It is not that he doesn’t want to choose God, although that is involved, it is that he cannot come to God, because he does not have the spiritual capacity to change his own heart and deny his own nature. Man always chooses sin and that which is corrupt unless he has a changed heart. Man is full of corruption. Therefore, man’s free will gives man nothing and is not the source of his salvation. The issue comes up that God is not fair and that he is not loving. You read "Predestination: Christianity and Romans" in category "Papers" If God were just and fair all humans would be in hell suffering eternal damnation. Mat 22:14 suggests that many are called but few are chosen. Here is al list of verses supporting predestination: John 8:6-7; Rom 11:5-7; John 6:12, 37-39, 44, 46, 65; John 15:16; John 3:5-7, 19-20; John 15:16-19; 2 Cor 5:14-17; 2 Tim 1:9; Matt. 20:16; John 8:34; Romans 8:6-7; and 2 Tim 2:26. Predestination came about through the works of Calvin, which later was named Calvinism. This view has give major points known in the word Tulip which is total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and perseverance of the saints. Romans Galatians include many verses on the subject of Calvinism and many of this view use Romans as one of the most powerful books toward their argument. The first point total depravity is strongly upheld in Romans. This is the total inability of man. Man’s nature is corrupt, perverse, and sinful throughout. The word â€Å"total† in this point refers to the whole man and being are depraved. Man’s nature is sinful because of the sin that Adam committed in the very beginning. We are dead in sin. Man is utterly depraved and cannot come to God on his own accord. This is what Paul was trying to portray to the Romans. Chapter 3 best demonstrates this truth about man’s state in this world. The first verse in Romans that points to mans sinful nature and inability to accept God is in Rom 1:20 which states, â€Å"For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse. † This verse emphasizes that God has given man enough knowledge about himself through this world and nature to condemn man. This shows that evangelism doesn’t even have to be present for man to be condemned. Humanity was condemned the day it was born. Man is depraved from the heart and cannot come to God unless the Holy Spirit calls him and changes his heart. Chapter 1 also demonstrates the vileness and depravity of the people in Rome. Verses 24-25 say, â€Å"Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves, because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. † Paul continues this same topic into chapter 2 and 3 of Romans. Verse 6 of chapter 2 says, â€Å"He will render to each one according to his works. † God punishes those whom he wants because He is a just God. This same judgment is taken through verses 12-29. Paul then continues in chapter 3 preaching on the inability of man. This chapter is the strongest support of this point of Calvinism. Verse 9 begins to show that Jews are no better than any other human being. Paul was preaching directly to the Jews telling them that no one is righteous, not even one vs. 10. He continues in vs. 11-12 â€Å"no one understands; no one seeks for God. All have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one. † There are none righteous in the whole world. The second point of Calvinism is the unconditional election of man. God chooses certain individuals from fallen sinners to receive grace and salvation. God could have saved all men from condemnation or he could have chosen to save none but by his grace he has chosen those whom he wants. This choice was not because of man’s works but instead by the mercy and will of God 1 Thes. 5:9, Eph. 1:5. This point is also shown through Galatians revealing that our salvation is through grace not of works lest any one should boast. In Romans 1 also shows that God passes over some and chooses others. Verse 6 calls the elect the chosen ones of Christ. He chose to give over these Roman sinners to the desires of their heart in order that they may receive their due punishment. God also darkens the hearts of those he chooses. Romans 8:28-30 states, â€Å"And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose. For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the first-born among many brothers. And those whom he predestined he also called, and those whom he called he also justified, and those whom he justified he also glorified. † This verse most specifically talks about predestination because it mentions the word as well as how God works in the process of salvation. In these verses we see that God does predestine mankind to be saved or for condemnation. Those he chose he also called. Later in vs. 33 Paul directly references Gods elect. The strongest passage for unconditional election is Romans 9 speaking on the subject of God’s sovereign choice. Paul was taking examples from the Old Testament. Paul calls the elect as the children of promise in vs. 8. God chooses not because of what man did but because of hi own will. Verse 10-24 talks about God’s purpose in election. He chose man before he was even born having done nothing bad or good vs. 1. Verse 13 states that â€Å"Jacob have I loved, but Esau I have hated†. This shows the will and sovereignty of God. Paul continues to emphasize that God is fair and he does what he chooses with whom he chooses. Many suggest that God is not fair and that God is showing favoritism when he chooses some and not others but God himself says in vs. 15 â€Å"I will have mercy on whom I have merc y, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion. † Romans continues to show that as creator God can do whatever he wants with his creation and creatures. God uses us for specific purposes in this life and we are all apart of God’s plan. It is hard to understand God’s decision to create creatures just for condemnation but this is reality. Romans 9:22 states, â€Å"What if God, desiring to show his wrath and to make known his power, has endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction. † In the end man chooses sin and can only choose sin. Whether or not predestination is true, man goes to hell because of his decision. Some other verses regarding the election are found in Romans 11:5, 7, and 28. The third point in Calvinism is particular redemption known more commonly as limited atonement. This is explained through the work of Christ on the Cross. Christ only atoned for those whom God chose to be saved by grace. Therefore Christ didn’t die for the whole world but instead died for those who were called (the elect). Romans 8:30 also demonstrates this point. Christ’s power on the Cross was eternal. Therefore with this kind of power Christ had to only died for those who God chose and believed in Him because if Christ had redeemed the whole world then the whole world would be blameless before God and saved. If Christ had died for the world then he would have died for those who have already gone to hell. This limits Christ’s power and ultimately makes Christ’s role in this world for sinners meaningless. The fourth point of Calvinism is the efficacious call of the Holy Spirit also known as irresistible grace. The Holy Spirit uses the gospel to call people to himself and God. He calls the elect from the inside and places a desire for God in their hearts. This call of the Holy Spirit is irresistible meaning that man cannot resist the power of the Holy Spirit. Those who were called by the Spirit were saved by Christ on the Cross and justified in the sight of God. The Holy Spirit is also powerful and his calling is irresistible. Whenever the bible speaks of the calling of God this is reference to the calling of the Holy Spirit. Galatians 1:15-16 states, â€Å"But when he who called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son to me, in order that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately consult with anyone. † Paul constantly suggests that we are called by his Grace. The fifth and final point of Calvinism is the perseverance of the saints. This is the security that believers have in Christ to never fall away from the hand and hold of Christ. All believers are eternally secure in Him. No one or nothing can separate God from His elected. We are saints in Gods sight. Romans 8:38-39 proves this point which states, â€Å"For I am sure that neither death nor life, nor angels nor rulers, nor things present nor things to come, nor powers, nor height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord. This shows that nothing can be taken away from God’s hands or snatched out of His fingers. Christ is powerful and Satan can do nothing against the power of God. This verse specifically names many things and some powerful things but nothing can take believers away from Christ. Believers cannot loose their salvation. If believers could loose their salvation then God is limited and the devil is more powerful than God. This would also negate Jesus and his role on earth. Paul speaks of the righteousness of believers in Christ in Galatians 3. Paul begins to talk about being in the spirit or having salvation and suggesting to them that they are foolish because they are in sin and their fleshly desires are dominating. Paul continues to talk about the promise given to Abraham, which is eternal life. This covenant and promise that believers have in Christ is eternal and not moving or changing. This shows that believers cannot loose their salvation but instead they were not saved in the beginning or they are struggling with their sin. Predestination is clear to some but not to others many also use verses in Romans and Galatians that point away from Calvinism. Romans 5:18-19 states, â€Å"Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of righteousness leads to justification and life for all men. For as by the ones man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous. † This verse shows that condemnation is for all men, which is direct and true but then Paul says that Christ’s act on the cross leads to justification and life for all men. If this were true then all men would be saved. Therefore, Paul here is talking about all believers. Romans 10:13-14,17 also states, â€Å"For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. But how are they to call on him whom they have not believed? And how are they to believe in him whom they have never heard? And how are they to hear without someone preaching? So faith comes form hearing, and hearing from the word of Christ. † This verse also shows that those who call on Christ are saved. Many take this verse to mean that humans have a choice to call on God while they are in sin and that this leaves no grounds for unconditional election. Man cannot call unto God unless the Holy Spirit has worked in their hearts so that they no longer are subject to the power of sin and the blindness that comes from sin. Predestination is a powerful view and is debated among many but the most important fact about the Christian life is not the small things of doctrine but instead the Christian duty to go out into the world and preach the Gospel to the nations. Christians are called to serve Christ and build up one another not argue about doctrine. Christ is the most important part of being a Christian and that fact many times is overlooked. How to cite Predestination: Christianity and Romans, Papers

Nutrional Constituents and Antioxidan †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Nutrional Constituents and Antioxidan. Answer: Introduction: Under environmental stress human bodies produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), it is produced because our bodies do not have the ability to detoxify the excess free radicles produced by ROS [1]. The excess free radicals damage membranes, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids causing cancer, Alzheimers and other diseases [2]. Antioxidants could neutralize the free radicals produced by ROS but they have to be supplied through our diet [2]. Most of the antioxidant rich food items could reduce diseases as per reports and herbal medicines which have almost negligible side effects are used extensively for supplying antioxidants [3]. Anthocyanins are part of flavonoid group and it possesses antioxidant management capabilities because it scavenges free radical. It helps in fighting DNA cleavage, estrogen activity, lipid peroxidation and so on [4]. It is also used as anti-carcinogenic medicine but the exact behavior of anthocyanins as carcinogenic medicine is still unclear [5]. Sixteen anthocyanins have been tested against lung, skin and colon cancer [5]. Dacryodes rostrata is mainly found in Sarawak, Malaysia and is indigenous to this region [6]. It is rich in natural antioxidants, protein, oil, and minerals [6]. Aqueous two phase extraction (ATPE) is an effective method for extraction and purification of a variety of colorants like anthocyanins and it is widely used for recovering biological products due to its short processing time, low cost, high capacity and ease of use [7]. Therefore, in this study ATPE is used for the extraction and purification of Anthocyanins from Dacryodes Rostrata Peel. Cancer prevention agents are atoms that impedes oxidation that produces free radicals harming cells in the human body. Manufactured cancer prevention agents like butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) cause damage to the liver and cancer-causing driving individuals to investigate more on normal cell reinforcements from plants [3]. At present, the utilization of the therapeutic plant is quickly developing the world over because of its low symptoms, notwithstanding that restorative plants demonstrate an equivalent measure of advantages as that of engineered cancer prevention agent management [4]. A few distinctive phenolic classes have been accounted for in the natural products in high sums [6]. Among these mixes, anthocyanins are one of the fundamental polyphenols exhibit, particularly in the peels of the natural products [7]. Anthocyanins are the biggest and most essential gathering of water-solvent and vacuolar shades in nature [8]. They are glycosylated polyhydroxy and polymethoxy subsidiaries of 2-phenylbenzopyrylium cation i.e., anthocyanidin gathering [9]. Anthocyanins are of unique intrigue on the grounds that their cell reinforcement action and their potential use in the sustenance business as normal colorants and saving operators [10]. Extraction of polyphenols from the product of the jambul is typically led utilizing techniques that were adjusted from various specimen networks [8]. Be that as it may, the specimen grid can assume a noteworthy part in extraction energy and impact extraction productivity since associations amongst polyphenols and proteins are known to exist [11]. In this manner, it is important to assess the extraction of polyphenols for each specimen sort and, if conceivable, utilizing distinctive procedures and techniques. All in all, ordinary extraction procedures, for example, blending/shaking or Soxhlet extraction have long extraction time and utilize high measure of dissolvable [8]. The long extraction times are somewhat because of the utilization of non-particular strategies utilizing extraction methods that outcome in low extraction efficiencies and can prompt the debasement of some polyphenols [9]. Box-Behnken response surface experimental design (BBD) was utilized to contemplate and improve the procedure factors, for example, extraction temperature, time and solid fluid proportion on the extraction yield of anthocyanin and shading from jamun organic product mash and was watched that, the extraction conditions effectsly affect the extraction yield of colors and shading [8]. ANOVA demonstrated that the impacts of factors like solid fluid proportion, extraction time and Extraction temperature were critical and quadratic models were created for foreseeing the reactions. Ideal arrangement of the autonomous factors was acquired by derringer's coveted capacity philosophy to remove the most extreme levels of shade and shading [8]. The ideal conditions were observed to be: extraction temperature of 44 ?C, extraction time of 93 min and solid fluid proportion of 1:15 g/ml separately [8]. ATPE can possibly accomplish the coveted refinement and grouping of the item in a solitary advance. In the division of the colors, polyethylene glycol (PEG)/(NH4)2SO4 framework has been utilized to isolate betalains from rough beetroot extricate [9]. Notwithstanding, polymers are exceptionally costly and difficult to recuperate. As of late, a novel fluid twophase framework (ATPS) made out of short chain liquor and salt has been utilized to separate common mixes because of its minimal effort and simple recuperation of dissolvable by dissipation. For instance, ethanol/(NH4)2SO4 framework has been utilized to isolate piceid, resveratrol and emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum [10], and n-propanol/phosphate framework has been utilized for the refinement of salvianolic B from rough concentrate of Salvia miltiorrhiza by counter-current chromatography (CCC) [11]. Energized by the past outcomes, ATPE is believed to be reasonable for the extraction of common colors. When partition behavior and stability of anthocyanins were studied in ATPE using ethanol and other phase forming salts, it was observed that the stability of anthocyanins were affected by the pH of the system [7]. When the pH of the solution was above 8 the pyran ring structure of anthocyanin opens up [7]. The effects of ATPE strategies on recovery and partition coefficients of anthocyanins were studied so as to optimize ATPE [7]. Other parameters like yield of anthocyanins and extraction time were also studied to optimize ATPE [7]. Thus it was observed that ATPE with hydrophilic solvent and an inorganic salt like ammonium sulfate or ethanol was suitable for extraction of anthocyanins [7]. The study thus focusses on the purification and extraction of anthocyanins management from Dacryodes Rostrata Peel using ATPE. References F. Moreira da Silva, A. Marques, and A. Chaveiro, Reactive Oxygen Species: A Double-Edged Sword in Reproduction, Open Vet. Sci. J., vol. 4, pp. 127133, 2010. Sinha, S.K., Trace elements deficiency cancer, J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2132, 2014. D. Krishnaiah, R. Sarbatly, and R. Nithyanandam, A review of the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species, Food Bioprod. Process., vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 217233, 2011. M.A.Lila, "Anthocyanins and Human Health: An In Vitro Investigative Approach," J Biomed Biotechnol, vol. 5, pp. 306-313, 2004. D. Webb, "Anthocyanins" Today's Dietitian", vol.16, no.3 pp.20, 2014. K.W.Kong, L.L.Chew, K.N.Prasad, C.Y.Lau and A. Ismail, "Nutrional constituents and antioxidant properties of indigenous kembayau (Dacryodes rostrata (Blume) H.J.Lam) fruits," Food Research International, vol. 44, pp. 2332-2338, 2011. Z.Hua, D.Yuesheng, X.Ge. L.Menglu, D.Liya, A.Lijia and X. Zhilong, "Extraction and Purification of Anthocyanins from the Fruit Residues of Vaccinium uliginosum Linn," J Chromat Separation Techniq, vol. 4, no.2, pp.1-5, 2013. J.P. Maran, V. Sivakumar, K. Thirugnanasambandham and R. Sridhar, "Extraction of natural anthocyanin an colors from pulp of jamun fruit," J Food Sci. Technol., vol. 52, no.6, pp. 3617-3626, 2015. S. Chethana, C.A. Nayak, K.S.M.S. Raghavarao, "Aqueous two-phase extraction for purification and concentration of betalains," J Food Eng, vol.81, pp. 679-687, 2007. H. Wang, Y.S. Dong, Z.L. Xiu, "Microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of piceid, resveratrol and emodin from polygonum cuspidatum by ethanol/ammonium sulphate system," Biotechnol Lett, vol. 30, pp. 2079-2084, 2008. W.B. Zhi and Q.Y. Deng, "Purification of salvianolic acid B from the crude extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza with hydrophilic organic/salt-containing aqueous two-phase system by counter-current chromatography," J Chromatogr A, vol. 1116, pp. 149-152, 2006.