The Need for Stricter Gun Laws in Micheal Gawendas Book, ...

In this expository article. â€Å"Americas lethal affair with the gun†, dated Februrary 6th, 2006, Micheal Gawenda contend s that America needs to be stricter on gun control laws. Gawenda, from The Age, writes the article with tones of dissension and assetiveness, but in a calm controlled way of approach. The intended audience of the article are the readers of The Age, as that is the source. Gawenda firmly believes that gun control laws in America are not strict enough, to persuade his readers, he uses a variety of persuasive devices, some used repetitively throughout the article. One persuasive device majority of the expository, was statistics. Throughout most paragraphs, the text includes the persuasive technique of statistics, for†¦show more content†¦Gawenda liked to include humour in his article, so besides having irony, he also had analogy. This was present at only one time, but it seem It was more than enough to persuade his readers. Gawenda critisises, writing â€Å"-and getting a gun permit in Virginia is about as easy as getting a library card.† hearing this provokes the readers to have an angry response. It giving them an example of just how much stricter laws are needed, if this is the comparison given- getting a library card. Readers become irate to hear the fact that most people can get hold of a gun. There were also appeals to readers invol ved in the article, including appeal to consequence, appeal to fear/security, appeal to humanity and appeal to paternalism. Gawenda cunningly adds each in the right times. Appeal to consequence is used in reflection of the whole article, it is the Gawenda implying that if the laws in America for gun control are not made stricter, it will affect you and those around you, that people are dying everyday anf that it will continue, that is also a part of humanity, to feel empathy

Ratios Analysis Example

Essays on Ratios Analysis Essay Ratio Analysis Question Among the ratios that were mentioned in the lecture, I was already familiar with the applications of current ratio and quick ratio. The current ratio indicates the relation between its current assets and current liabilities which signifies a particular business organization’s capability to satisfy its liabilities with the virtue of its acquired current assets to an extent. The main utilization of current ratio lies in the profitability of a business organization. It is generally computed as current assets divided by current liabilities (Drake, â€Å"Financial Ratio Analysis†). On the other hand, the quick ratio is the relation of quick assets towards current liabilities. Fundamentally, ratio of quick assets is computed as current assets less inventory or stock. However, quick ratios signify a particular business organization’s capability in order to satisfy current liabilities with its major liquid asset such as stock (Drake, â€Å"Financial Ratio Analysis†). The main execution of quick ratio lies in quick utilization of current assets within a business organization by subtracting the value of inventory or stock out of the sum total of current assets. It is generally calculated by subtracting inventory or stock from current assets which is again divided by current liabilities (Saleem Rehman, â€Å"Impacts of Liquidity Ratios on Profitability†). Hence, the current ratio of a business is mainly used in satisfying its current liabilities with the virtue of its acquired current assets. On the other hand, the quick ratio of a business orga nization is mainly used in satisfying its current liabilities with its major liquid asset such as stock. Question 2 In the year 2010, in lieu of financial performances, Microsoft Corporation’s revenue attained a high margin of $62.5 billion which signifies that there is an increase of 7% as compared with the previous financial year i.e. 2009. In this connection, the operating earnings of Microsoft eventually rose by 18% to $24.1 billion (Microsoft Corporation, â€Å"2011 Annual Report†). It has been noted that in the year 2010, Microsoft’s total assets amounted to $86,113 million along with long term obligations of around $13,791 million. It is clear from this financial implication that in the year 2010, Microsoft possessed more value in its total assets compared with its long term obligations. The total current assets of Microsoft in the year 2010 amounted to $55,676 million and the total current liabilities amounted to $26,147 million. Hence, the current ratio of Microsoft in the financial year of 2010 was approximately 2.13. In the year 2009, the total current assets amounted to $49,280 million and the total current liabilities amounted to $27,034. Hence, the current ratio of Microsoft in the financial year 2009 was approximately 1.82 (Microsoft Corporation, â€Å"2010 Annual Report†). Hence, it can be apparently noticed that the current assets of Microsoft Corporation in both financial years of 2010 and 2009 remained almost higher than the organization’s current liabilities. In this connection, the current liability of Microsoft Corporation remained high only in the year 2009 and not in 2010. Though the current liability decreased, the current ratio of Microsoft Corporation remained positive in both financial years. Thus, the above mentioned interpretations eventually indicate Microsoft Corporation’s improvement as a financially strong company, particularly for the fiscal year 2010 in comparison to 2009. References Drake, P. P. â€Å"Financial Ratio Analysis†. February 08, 2012. Measures of Liquidity, No Date. Microsoft Corporation. â€Å"2011 Annual Report†. February 08, 2012. Financial Highlights, 2011. Microsoft Corporation. â€Å"2010 Annual Report†. February 08, 2012. Balance Sheets, 2010. Saleem, Q. Rehman, R. U. â€Å"Impacts of Liquidity Ratios on Profitability. February 08, 2012. Introduction, 2011.

Predestination Christianity and Romans Free Essays

string(33) " fair and that he is not loving\." Predestination is one of the most widely debated topics in the Christian world among many denominations today. There are many differing views and it is a harder topic to explain and understand. Often this topic is argued by twisting or taking the bible out of context. We will write a custom essay sample on Predestination: Christianity and Romans or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand many people truly don’t understand predestination and what it means or what it is. Others don’t want to understand predestination because of their fear that it might be truth. This paper will be outlining predestination and Calvinism by explaining this view as well as taking a deeper look into how Romans Galatians fits into this view. Predestination has been defined in many ways by the many different denominations. Predestination is ultimately defined in our final destination is decided by God before we were even born. God decides if we are to be saved or not. He has foreordained all things that have come to pass and will continue into the future. It is the act that God chooses those whom he wants to be saved and the rest are left for eternal punishment in hell. This is not because God is unloving but because he is just and righteous. In the end the goal and duty as Christians are to bring glory to God and to evangelize as many as possible. Our concentration should be on Christ. Predestination is divided into two parts: election and reprobation. Election is unconditional and absolute; it is God’s election of man to salvation, not because of man’s works or merit. Election and reprobation have their basis in the good pleasure of God. Reprobation is defined as preterition and condemnation. Preterition is the passing over of some in the decree of election. God owes man nothing but judgment shown in Matt 20:15. God chooses whom he wants and man cannot justly argue against God for passing over him in election, which is God’s choice of condemnation. God’s choice of saving people is the same as God’s choice of the condemnation of others. Condemnation is an act of God as a sovereign judge. This condemnation comes from sin, which also damns man to hell. In order for God to be righteous and glorified those who are in sin should be punished. Everything is done for the glory of God 2 Tim 1:9, Heb. 2:10. The fact that some are elected and others are not is explained through God’s glory and sovereignty. Anything that God does is for his glory and this is best demonstrated through his decrees. The decrees of God are his eternal purpose according to the council of His will, where by for His own glory, He hath foreordained what so ever comes to pass† (Shorter Catechism #8). God’s decrees are free, sovereign, absolute, and efficacious. God’s decrees are free in that he moves by his own good pleasure. God’s decrees are sovereign because nothing occurs outside of God’s control or knowledg e. God is a God who reigns and is in control and not limited in any way. God’s decrees are absolute because they are not dependent upon any conditions that are not themselves determined by divine decree. God’s decrees are efficacious in that they infallibly determine the certainty of the future events decreed. These decrees are for God’s glory alone and not all ways for the good of the creature. God’s decrees relate to all events and comprehend all things in heaven and in earth. Therefore His providence is determined through his decrees. Though God’s providence he preserves and directs all his creatures. In the view of predestination God cares especially for his elect. In predestination the more debated topic is that of man’s free will. This free will is the choice that man has to choose God or choose to let the Holy Spirit work. This free will can be defined as freedom of indeterminacy or uncertainty, freedom of self-determination, and the power to contrary choice. Self-determination is directing ones self from the inside with no direction from the outside. The argument against predestination determines that a sinner freely chooses God or rejects Christ. The question of will is not whether man wills or even has a will, but whether God determines their will for good. Likewise the question is not whether a man chooses; but whether his choice has a cause or reason. This choice or lack there of is shown through the fact that man is a slave to sin John 8:34. As a slave to sin can man truly choose that which is good? One example of this is in the truth that God cannot lie. It is against his nature. God does not want to lie, so he cannot lie through his own free will Titus 1:2. Some verses talking about the will of man include John 6:65 which states, â€Å"no one can come to me unless it has been granted to him by the father. † In John 17:12 Jesus says that he has kept all those whom God has given him. According to John 6 man in his free will cannot believe because it is not in his heart to do so. Predestination suggests that if man can choose God by the free will of his corrupt and perverse heart, it gives him more liberty and power than God himself. There is a barrier that every man cannot over come. That is the barrier of sin. It is not that he doesn’t want to choose God, although that is involved, it is that he cannot come to God, because he does not have the spiritual capacity to change his own heart and deny his own nature. Man always chooses sin and that which is corrupt unless he has a changed heart. Man is full of corruption. Therefore, man’s free will gives man nothing and is not the source of his salvation. The issue comes up that God is not fair and that he is not loving. You read "Predestination: Christianity and Romans" in category "Papers" If God were just and fair all humans would be in hell suffering eternal damnation. Mat 22:14 suggests that many are called but few are chosen. Here is al list of verses supporting predestination: John 8:6-7; Rom 11:5-7; John 6:12, 37-39, 44, 46, 65; John 15:16; John 3:5-7, 19-20; John 15:16-19; 2 Cor 5:14-17; 2 Tim 1:9; Matt. 20:16; John 8:34; Romans 8:6-7; and 2 Tim 2:26. Predestination came about through the works of Calvin, which later was named Calvinism. This view has give major points known in the word Tulip which is total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and perseverance of the saints. Romans Galatians include many verses on the subject of Calvinism and many of this view use Romans as one of the most powerful books toward their argument. The first point total depravity is strongly upheld in Romans. This is the total inability of man. Man’s nature is corrupt, perverse, and sinful throughout. The word â€Å"total† in this point refers to the whole man and being are depraved. Man’s nature is sinful because of the sin that Adam committed in the very beginning. We are dead in sin. Man is utterly depraved and cannot come to God on his own accord. This is what Paul was trying to portray to the Romans. Chapter 3 best demonstrates this truth about man’s state in this world. The first verse in Romans that points to mans sinful nature and inability to accept God is in Rom 1:20 which states, â€Å"For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse. † This verse emphasizes that God has given man enough knowledge about himself through this world and nature to condemn man. This shows that evangelism doesn’t even have to be present for man to be condemned. Humanity was condemned the day it was born. Man is depraved from the heart and cannot come to God unless the Holy Spirit calls him and changes his heart. Chapter 1 also demonstrates the vileness and depravity of the people in Rome. Verses 24-25 say, â€Å"Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves, because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. † Paul continues this same topic into chapter 2 and 3 of Romans. Verse 6 of chapter 2 says, â€Å"He will render to each one according to his works. † God punishes those whom he wants because He is a just God. This same judgment is taken through verses 12-29. Paul then continues in chapter 3 preaching on the inability of man. This chapter is the strongest support of this point of Calvinism. Verse 9 begins to show that Jews are no better than any other human being. Paul was preaching directly to the Jews telling them that no one is righteous, not even one vs. 10. He continues in vs. 11-12 â€Å"no one understands; no one seeks for God. All have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one. † There are none righteous in the whole world. The second point of Calvinism is the unconditional election of man. God chooses certain individuals from fallen sinners to receive grace and salvation. God could have saved all men from condemnation or he could have chosen to save none but by his grace he has chosen those whom he wants. This choice was not because of man’s works but instead by the mercy and will of God 1 Thes. 5:9, Eph. 1:5. This point is also shown through Galatians revealing that our salvation is through grace not of works lest any one should boast. In Romans 1 also shows that God passes over some and chooses others. Verse 6 calls the elect the chosen ones of Christ. He chose to give over these Roman sinners to the desires of their heart in order that they may receive their due punishment. God also darkens the hearts of those he chooses. Romans 8:28-30 states, â€Å"And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose. For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the first-born among many brothers. And those whom he predestined he also called, and those whom he called he also justified, and those whom he justified he also glorified. † This verse most specifically talks about predestination because it mentions the word as well as how God works in the process of salvation. In these verses we see that God does predestine mankind to be saved or for condemnation. Those he chose he also called. Later in vs. 33 Paul directly references Gods elect. The strongest passage for unconditional election is Romans 9 speaking on the subject of God’s sovereign choice. Paul was taking examples from the Old Testament. Paul calls the elect as the children of promise in vs. 8. God chooses not because of what man did but because of hi own will. Verse 10-24 talks about God’s purpose in election. He chose man before he was even born having done nothing bad or good vs. 1. Verse 13 states that â€Å"Jacob have I loved, but Esau I have hated†. This shows the will and sovereignty of God. Paul continues to emphasize that God is fair and he does what he chooses with whom he chooses. Many suggest that God is not fair and that God is showing favoritism when he chooses some and not others but God himself says in vs. 15 â€Å"I will have mercy on whom I have merc y, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion. † Romans continues to show that as creator God can do whatever he wants with his creation and creatures. God uses us for specific purposes in this life and we are all apart of God’s plan. It is hard to understand God’s decision to create creatures just for condemnation but this is reality. Romans 9:22 states, â€Å"What if God, desiring to show his wrath and to make known his power, has endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction. † In the end man chooses sin and can only choose sin. Whether or not predestination is true, man goes to hell because of his decision. Some other verses regarding the election are found in Romans 11:5, 7, and 28. The third point in Calvinism is particular redemption known more commonly as limited atonement. This is explained through the work of Christ on the Cross. Christ only atoned for those whom God chose to be saved by grace. Therefore Christ didn’t die for the whole world but instead died for those who were called (the elect). Romans 8:30 also demonstrates this point. Christ’s power on the Cross was eternal. Therefore with this kind of power Christ had to only died for those who God chose and believed in Him because if Christ had redeemed the whole world then the whole world would be blameless before God and saved. If Christ had died for the world then he would have died for those who have already gone to hell. This limits Christ’s power and ultimately makes Christ’s role in this world for sinners meaningless. The fourth point of Calvinism is the efficacious call of the Holy Spirit also known as irresistible grace. The Holy Spirit uses the gospel to call people to himself and God. He calls the elect from the inside and places a desire for God in their hearts. This call of the Holy Spirit is irresistible meaning that man cannot resist the power of the Holy Spirit. Those who were called by the Spirit were saved by Christ on the Cross and justified in the sight of God. The Holy Spirit is also powerful and his calling is irresistible. Whenever the bible speaks of the calling of God this is reference to the calling of the Holy Spirit. Galatians 1:15-16 states, â€Å"But when he who called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son to me, in order that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately consult with anyone. † Paul constantly suggests that we are called by his Grace. The fifth and final point of Calvinism is the perseverance of the saints. This is the security that believers have in Christ to never fall away from the hand and hold of Christ. All believers are eternally secure in Him. No one or nothing can separate God from His elected. We are saints in Gods sight. Romans 8:38-39 proves this point which states, â€Å"For I am sure that neither death nor life, nor angels nor rulers, nor things present nor things to come, nor powers, nor height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord. This shows that nothing can be taken away from God’s hands or snatched out of His fingers. Christ is powerful and Satan can do nothing against the power of God. This verse specifically names many things and some powerful things but nothing can take believers away from Christ. Believers cannot loose their salvation. If believers could loose their salvation then God is limited and the devil is more powerful than God. This would also negate Jesus and his role on earth. Paul speaks of the righteousness of believers in Christ in Galatians 3. Paul begins to talk about being in the spirit or having salvation and suggesting to them that they are foolish because they are in sin and their fleshly desires are dominating. Paul continues to talk about the promise given to Abraham, which is eternal life. This covenant and promise that believers have in Christ is eternal and not moving or changing. This shows that believers cannot loose their salvation but instead they were not saved in the beginning or they are struggling with their sin. Predestination is clear to some but not to others many also use verses in Romans and Galatians that point away from Calvinism. Romans 5:18-19 states, â€Å"Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of righteousness leads to justification and life for all men. For as by the ones man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous. † This verse shows that condemnation is for all men, which is direct and true but then Paul says that Christ’s act on the cross leads to justification and life for all men. If this were true then all men would be saved. Therefore, Paul here is talking about all believers. Romans 10:13-14,17 also states, â€Å"For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. But how are they to call on him whom they have not believed? And how are they to believe in him whom they have never heard? And how are they to hear without someone preaching? So faith comes form hearing, and hearing from the word of Christ. † This verse also shows that those who call on Christ are saved. Many take this verse to mean that humans have a choice to call on God while they are in sin and that this leaves no grounds for unconditional election. Man cannot call unto God unless the Holy Spirit has worked in their hearts so that they no longer are subject to the power of sin and the blindness that comes from sin. Predestination is a powerful view and is debated among many but the most important fact about the Christian life is not the small things of doctrine but instead the Christian duty to go out into the world and preach the Gospel to the nations. Christians are called to serve Christ and build up one another not argue about doctrine. Christ is the most important part of being a Christian and that fact many times is overlooked. How to cite Predestination: Christianity and Romans, Papers

Nutrional Constituents and Antioxidan †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Nutrional Constituents and Antioxidan. Answer: Introduction: Under environmental stress human bodies produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), it is produced because our bodies do not have the ability to detoxify the excess free radicles produced by ROS [1]. The excess free radicals damage membranes, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids causing cancer, Alzheimers and other diseases [2]. Antioxidants could neutralize the free radicals produced by ROS but they have to be supplied through our diet [2]. Most of the antioxidant rich food items could reduce diseases as per reports and herbal medicines which have almost negligible side effects are used extensively for supplying antioxidants [3]. Anthocyanins are part of flavonoid group and it possesses antioxidant management capabilities because it scavenges free radical. It helps in fighting DNA cleavage, estrogen activity, lipid peroxidation and so on [4]. It is also used as anti-carcinogenic medicine but the exact behavior of anthocyanins as carcinogenic medicine is still unclear [5]. Sixteen anthocyanins have been tested against lung, skin and colon cancer [5]. Dacryodes rostrata is mainly found in Sarawak, Malaysia and is indigenous to this region [6]. It is rich in natural antioxidants, protein, oil, and minerals [6]. Aqueous two phase extraction (ATPE) is an effective method for extraction and purification of a variety of colorants like anthocyanins and it is widely used for recovering biological products due to its short processing time, low cost, high capacity and ease of use [7]. Therefore, in this study ATPE is used for the extraction and purification of Anthocyanins from Dacryodes Rostrata Peel. Cancer prevention agents are atoms that impedes oxidation that produces free radicals harming cells in the human body. Manufactured cancer prevention agents like butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) cause damage to the liver and cancer-causing driving individuals to investigate more on normal cell reinforcements from plants [3]. At present, the utilization of the therapeutic plant is quickly developing the world over because of its low symptoms, notwithstanding that restorative plants demonstrate an equivalent measure of advantages as that of engineered cancer prevention agent management [4]. A few distinctive phenolic classes have been accounted for in the natural products in high sums [6]. Among these mixes, anthocyanins are one of the fundamental polyphenols exhibit, particularly in the peels of the natural products [7]. Anthocyanins are the biggest and most essential gathering of water-solvent and vacuolar shades in nature [8]. They are glycosylated polyhydroxy and polymethoxy subsidiaries of 2-phenylbenzopyrylium cation i.e., anthocyanidin gathering [9]. Anthocyanins are of unique intrigue on the grounds that their cell reinforcement action and their potential use in the sustenance business as normal colorants and saving operators [10]. Extraction of polyphenols from the product of the jambul is typically led utilizing techniques that were adjusted from various specimen networks [8]. Be that as it may, the specimen grid can assume a noteworthy part in extraction energy and impact extraction productivity since associations amongst polyphenols and proteins are known to exist [11]. In this manner, it is important to assess the extraction of polyphenols for each specimen sort and, if conceivable, utilizing distinctive procedures and techniques. All in all, ordinary extraction procedures, for example, blending/shaking or Soxhlet extraction have long extraction time and utilize high measure of dissolvable [8]. The long extraction times are somewhat because of the utilization of non-particular strategies utilizing extraction methods that outcome in low extraction efficiencies and can prompt the debasement of some polyphenols [9]. Box-Behnken response surface experimental design (BBD) was utilized to contemplate and improve the procedure factors, for example, extraction temperature, time and solid fluid proportion on the extraction yield of anthocyanin and shading from jamun organic product mash and was watched that, the extraction conditions effectsly affect the extraction yield of colors and shading [8]. ANOVA demonstrated that the impacts of factors like solid fluid proportion, extraction time and Extraction temperature were critical and quadratic models were created for foreseeing the reactions. Ideal arrangement of the autonomous factors was acquired by derringer's coveted capacity philosophy to remove the most extreme levels of shade and shading [8]. The ideal conditions were observed to be: extraction temperature of 44 ?C, extraction time of 93 min and solid fluid proportion of 1:15 g/ml separately [8]. ATPE can possibly accomplish the coveted refinement and grouping of the item in a solitary advance. In the division of the colors, polyethylene glycol (PEG)/(NH4)2SO4 framework has been utilized to isolate betalains from rough beetroot extricate [9]. Notwithstanding, polymers are exceptionally costly and difficult to recuperate. As of late, a novel fluid twophase framework (ATPS) made out of short chain liquor and salt has been utilized to separate common mixes because of its minimal effort and simple recuperation of dissolvable by dissipation. For instance, ethanol/(NH4)2SO4 framework has been utilized to isolate piceid, resveratrol and emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum [10], and n-propanol/phosphate framework has been utilized for the refinement of salvianolic B from rough concentrate of Salvia miltiorrhiza by counter-current chromatography (CCC) [11]. Energized by the past outcomes, ATPE is believed to be reasonable for the extraction of common colors. When partition behavior and stability of anthocyanins were studied in ATPE using ethanol and other phase forming salts, it was observed that the stability of anthocyanins were affected by the pH of the system [7]. When the pH of the solution was above 8 the pyran ring structure of anthocyanin opens up [7]. The effects of ATPE strategies on recovery and partition coefficients of anthocyanins were studied so as to optimize ATPE [7]. Other parameters like yield of anthocyanins and extraction time were also studied to optimize ATPE [7]. Thus it was observed that ATPE with hydrophilic solvent and an inorganic salt like ammonium sulfate or ethanol was suitable for extraction of anthocyanins [7]. The study thus focusses on the purification and extraction of anthocyanins management from Dacryodes Rostrata Peel using ATPE. References F. Moreira da Silva, A. Marques, and A. Chaveiro, Reactive Oxygen Species: A Double-Edged Sword in Reproduction, Open Vet. Sci. J., vol. 4, pp. 127133, 2010. Sinha, S.K., Trace elements deficiency cancer, J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2132, 2014. D. Krishnaiah, R. Sarbatly, and R. Nithyanandam, A review of the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species, Food Bioprod. Process., vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 217233, 2011. M.A.Lila, "Anthocyanins and Human Health: An In Vitro Investigative Approach," J Biomed Biotechnol, vol. 5, pp. 306-313, 2004. D. Webb, "Anthocyanins" Today's Dietitian", vol.16, no.3 pp.20, 2014. K.W.Kong, L.L.Chew, K.N.Prasad, C.Y.Lau and A. Ismail, "Nutrional constituents and antioxidant properties of indigenous kembayau (Dacryodes rostrata (Blume) H.J.Lam) fruits," Food Research International, vol. 44, pp. 2332-2338, 2011. Z.Hua, D.Yuesheng, X.Ge. L.Menglu, D.Liya, A.Lijia and X. Zhilong, "Extraction and Purification of Anthocyanins from the Fruit Residues of Vaccinium uliginosum Linn," J Chromat Separation Techniq, vol. 4, no.2, pp.1-5, 2013. J.P. Maran, V. Sivakumar, K. Thirugnanasambandham and R. Sridhar, "Extraction of natural anthocyanin an colors from pulp of jamun fruit," J Food Sci. Technol., vol. 52, no.6, pp. 3617-3626, 2015. S. Chethana, C.A. Nayak, K.S.M.S. Raghavarao, "Aqueous two-phase extraction for purification and concentration of betalains," J Food Eng, vol.81, pp. 679-687, 2007. H. Wang, Y.S. Dong, Z.L. Xiu, "Microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of piceid, resveratrol and emodin from polygonum cuspidatum by ethanol/ammonium sulphate system," Biotechnol Lett, vol. 30, pp. 2079-2084, 2008. W.B. Zhi and Q.Y. Deng, "Purification of salvianolic acid B from the crude extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza with hydrophilic organic/salt-containing aqueous two-phase system by counter-current chromatography," J Chromatogr A, vol. 1116, pp. 149-152, 2006.

Marketing in the digital age

Introduction Marketing is a fundamental element in organisation’s long-term performance. Therefore, making effective marketing decisions is critical. Traditionally, marketing decisions were based on experience and judgement.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Marketing in the digital age specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, different marketing models were formulated during the 1960s in an effort to assist organisations in conducting marketing analyses. Another major revolution in the 1960s relates to the development of the mainframe computers, which enabled marketers to access the market data they needed in making marketing decisions and planning (Wierenga 2008). Diverse models have been formulated in an effort to explain the transformations that have occurred with regard to marketing. Cooper (2000) posits that organisations should ensure that they are very effective with regard to planning. This as pect is only achievable if marketers have sufficient marketing information (Hengst Sol, 2001). Information has become a powerful tool that is influencing the society. The significance of information in the contemporary society has been enhanced by the emergence of Information Communication Technology (ICT) (Coallier 2012). The rate of ICT innovation has increased exponentially as evidenced by innovations with regard to the internet, mobile technologies, and the social media (McGrath 2012).Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lancaster (2005) emphasises that the changing role of ICT with regard marketing has presented a major challenge to marketing practitioners and academics. In a bid to survive in such a business environment, it is fundamental for organisations to integrate effective marketing planning. Simkin and Dibb (2008) define marketing planning as the systematic pr ocess through which an organisation evaluates its marketing capabilities together with opportunities through analysing the marketing objectives, ensuring effective market targeting, developing competitive advantage, resource allocation, formulating effective brand positioning implementing and controlling the strategies formulated. Simkin and Dibb (2008) are of the opinion that marketing planning is based on analysing the customers, capabilities, competitors, and the market trends. Aim The objective of this report is to evaluate marketing models, their relevance, and significance in the modern digital era. The report also evaluates the opportunities and challenges, which have emanated from the high rate of proliferation in Internet and information communication technology. Scope The report mainly concentrates on the development of marketing models and the contribution and role of ICT in marketing communication. Consequently, the paper evaluates the core emphasis of the marketing mo dels from the 1970s to today. Moreover, the paper evaluates the significance of the marketing models within the digital era.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Marketing in the digital age specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the issues evaluated relate to how marketing planning has evolved, ICT and marketing communication, database marketing, internet and social media marketing, and consumer behaviour. Moreover, the report also evaluates the challenges that are associated with social media marketing. Analysis Evolution of marketing models According to Pulendran, Speed, and Widing (2002), marketing planning has undergone a significant growth over the past decades. Different models have been formulated in an effort to explain the concept of marketing planning. Marketing planning enables organisations to align with market trends such as the customers’ needs and the competitors’ strategies (Jadh av, Kamble Patil 2009). Planning enables an organisation’s ability to ensure that its resources are optimally utilised in addition to responding to unexpected market changes (Simkim Dibb 2008). The traditional marketing models The 1970s were characterised by emergence of different marketing models. One of the models includes the stochastic models. The models were mainly focused on developing the marketing mix instruments such as marketing communication and pricing. Wierenga (2008) asserts, â€Å"The issue was how to model the relationship between a particular marketing instruments and sales† (p.6). Another major development in the 1970s relates to emergence of the marketing decision support systems.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The 1980s saw the emergence of the market generalisation models and the marketing knowledge model. The generalisation model entailed summarising what is already known about a particular issue. One the other hand, the marketing knowledge model entailed integrating the concepts of computer science and artificial intelligence in the marketing processes. Artificial Intelligence [AI] enabled marketers to store market information in databases hence improving their capacity to formulate optimal marketing decisions (Wierenga 2008). The marketing knowledge model led to development of the expert and knowledge-based systems. The systems were mainly focused on enhancing sales promotions and advertising. This period was also characterised by the emergence of the conjoint analysis model, which continues to be an effective model in making decisions with regard to new product development (Wierenga 2008). The 1990s was characterised by a remarkable revolution with regard to marketing information. Th e ‘marketing information revolution’ played a significant role in influencing consumer choice modeling. Moreover, the ‘marketing information revolution’ models led to increment in the volume of data available for making marketing decision, which is evidenced by increment in the concept of ‘data mining’. The availability of data was also enhanced by the development of information communication technology (Wierenga, 2008). The individual customer model According to Pride (2009), the customer is the most important unit of analysis in an organisation’s marketing processes. The first decade of the 21st century was characterised by the development of the Customer Relationship Model [CRM]. The models were mainly concerned with how best an organisation can attract and retain customers. This led to emergence of the customer centric models. From the above analysis, it is evident that marketing model has undergone significant growth. New models hav e been developed in an effort to illustrate the change in consumer behaviour. Relevance of the marketing models The above analysis of the marketing models shows that they were formulated with the objective assisting organisations and entrepreneurs attracting and retaining customers. Moreover, the models are still relevant in the modern business environment. This emanates from the fact that they emphasise on the importance of developing a critical understanding of the prevailing marketing information. To achieve this, the models highlight the significance of knowledge management in organisations’ marketing processes. Moreover, they are concerned with understanding the consumers’ behaviour, which is a critical element in marketing planning. According to Shin (2013), marketing planning is considered being as a behavioural phenomenon because it entails the adoption of various forms of technology. The models also illustrate significance of information communication technolo gies in organisation’s marketing processes. The models underscore the contribution of marketing communication in attracting and retaining customers. In the course of undertaking marketing planning, it is critical for organisations’ managers to take into account the concept of marketing communication, which is ranked as one of the most important elements in the firms marketing planning processes (Gazzar Mourad 2012). Information Communication Technologies have undergone significant evolution over the past decades. The three distinct periods of ICT development include data processing, micro-computing, and networking. According to Somers, Cain, and Jeffrey (2009), the 1990s was characterised by a high rate of proliferation in relationship marketing. However, traditional marketing concept has extensively been criticised. Nwankwo and Gbadamosi (2010) are of the opinion that marketing communication entails integration and application of various marketing communication tools , for example, public relations, sales promotion, personal selling, and advertising. ICT has remarkably revolutionised marketing communication. Dyllick and Hockerts (2002) are of the opinion that developing customer relationship is critical in achieving sustainability. Currently, ICT is considered a critical component in developing a strong relationship with various stakeholders (Brodie et al. 2011). Thomas and Barlow (2011) are of the opinion that the high rate of ICT development coupled with an increment in the intensity of competition has led to the emergence of relationship marketing and marketing communication. Currently, customer relationship marketing is a fundamental element in organisations’ effort to achieve the desired success (Safko 2012). This aspect underscores the importance of nurturing a more valuable customer relationship. Incorporating marketing communication is one of the avenues through which an organisation can deliver value to customers (Shin 2013). Thi s assertion emanates from the view that it enhances communication between the organisation and various stakeholders. Marketing communication has undergone remarkable development over the years as evidenced by the emergence of Integrated Marketing Communication. Shin (2013) is of the opinion that IMC has become a critical element in a firm’s effort to reach the target audience. Traditionally, organisations emphasised on transaction marketing, which is a one-way method of communication. On the other hand, relationship marketing is concerned with creating two-way communication between an organisation and its customers (Thomas Wasmund 2011). Traditional marketing communication was not effective in enhancing organisational performance. Shin (2013) asserts that organisations can only achieve competitive advantage and brand loyalty through effective communication and information circulation. This move will improve the organisations’ ability to cope with the high degree of mar ket uncertainty faced by organisations today. Marketing in the digital age The digital age is characterised by ease with which marketers and entrepreneurs can access information through various mediums. The digital age has emanated from the high rate at which Information Communication Technology is occurring. Integrating ICT can play a significant role in making marketing communication more effective and efficient. Currently, organisations are adopting digital communication in their marketing processes in an effort to achieve operational efficiency (Al-Deen Hendricks 2012). Database marketing is one of the avenues through which ICT has improved marketing communication. Developing a database can enable an organisation to store sufficient customer information relating to their past-purchase history. Such information can be utilised in formulating various marketing mix strategies like promotion strategies. Database marketing has improved marketing communication by enabling organisatio ns to design loyalty schemes. For example, firms in the retail industry such as supermarkets can utilise the information gathered through the EPOS to offer discounts to specific customers in order to enhance their loyalty. The Internet revolution has led to the development of a global market place. Moreover, the internet has enabled organisations to overcome challenges associated with time and distance (Obrien 2011). Increased investment in ICT by organisations and individuals has led to the emergence of various digital communication platforms. Social media is one of the new phenomena that have emanated from ICT development. Obrien (2011) posits, â€Å"Communication is truly changing as a result of social media utilisation, and thus the dynamics of human relationships take on a new perspective† (p.32). Social media has led to the development of an online community. Brodie, Ilic, Juric, and Hollebeek (2011) opine that the sophisticated ICTs that have emerged have facilitated t he emergence of brand communities. These communities have emerged from the engagement and interaction amongst customers through various social media platforms. Currently, social media has overtaken marketing communication through company websites and emails and it is considered as the largest web presence in organisations (Jacobson 2009). Social media has influenced how organisations interact and communicate with existing and potential customers. Moreover, social media has significantly influenced how organisations formulate their Customer Relationship Management [CRM] policies. By integrating social media, an organisation can be in a position to increase its sales revenue (Sweeney Craig 2011). Consumer behaviour The ASP model outlines analysis as one of the steps that an organisation has to take into account in order to undertake marketing planning successfully. Consumers constitute a critical component in an organisation’s marketing process (Talloo 2007). Consumer behaviou r is very dynamic, and thus it is imperative for organisations to develop a comprehensive understanding and monitor the consumers’ behaviour. Developing such understanding will provide organisations with insight on how to formulate effective decisions regarding the most optimal marketing mix strategies to adopt. Brodie et al. (2011) posit that the last two decades have been characterised by the emergence of various Internet communication mediums, which have led to the development of an online community. The online community shares ideas and opinions regarding various products and service. In a bid to understand the consumers’ perceptions and opinions successfully, organisational managers should take advantage of the internet’s capability with regard to consumer-to-consumer communication. Some of the online communication platforms commonly used by consumers include blogs, social networks, chartrooms, personal web pages, electronic discussion forums, newsgroup, an d list servers (O’Leary, Sheehan Lentz 2011). A study conducted by a European car club shows that consumers are motivated to engage with one another through various Internet platforms by a number of reasons. Some of the reasons identified include venting negative feelings, seeking advice, self-enhancement, economic benefits [cost saving], assisting the company by making their opinion known, concern for other consumers, and social benefits. Therefore, development in ICT has led to the emergence of electronic word-of-mouth [e-WOM], which is fundamental in enhancing development of virtual brand communities (Sayre, Rastogi, Zwillenberg Visser 2012). Failure to incorporate ICT in organisations’ marketing planning processes can limit an organisation’s competitiveness. For example, negative comments posted online can affect the consumers’ behaviour towards a particular product and organisation. Thus, firms’ management teams should evaluate how best they can utilise online media in understanding the consumers’ behaviour. Challenges presented by the development in ICT Digital disruption Despite the benefits associated with ICT proliferation, the emergence of digital media has presented organisations with diverse challenges. One of the major challenges relates to ‘digital disruption’, which refers to changes arising from digital media, either positive or threatening. First, the rate of innovation with regard to digital media is alarming. Therefore, businesses face the challenge of trying to keep-up with the pace of innovation (Jadhav, Kamble Patil 2009). Cost of new technology and training In a bid to survive in the long term, businesses will be required to increase their investment in research and development on digital media. Moreover, the digital media age will force organisations to adjust their business and operating models. For example, marketing in the digital media age requires organisations to purchase a dditional communication equipment in order to communicate effectively with the targeted stakeholders. Some of these technologies relate to hardware, software, servers, computers, and subscription to the Internet services. Upon implementing the necessary business communication technology, organisations will be required to hire and train employees who will be in a position to utilise and maintain the new technology. Firms will be required to ensure that communication through various social media platforms is monitored optimally. The comments made by consumers on social media have to be responded to in a bid to deliver value to customers. If a business does not have adequately trained human capital on how to address issues raised by customers’ on social media, its ability to compete effectively in the contemporary business environment is limited. In summary, incorporating social networking in an organisation’s marketing communication process is time-consuming (Brodie et a l. 2011). Consequently, substantial financial costs are incurred in the process of upgrading the firms marketing communication processes. Reputational risk The development of social media has empowered the consumers’ purchasing behaviour remarkably. For example, consumers have an opportunity to share ideas and opinions regarding a particular product with their friends and relatives. Social media platforms are increasingly becoming popular amongst consumers. It is estimated that Facebook has over 500 million followers. Therefore, a negative issue about an organisation or its product on social media can harm an organisation if not adequately addressed. Therefore, organisations are exposed to a considerable degree of reputational risk by the proliferation of communication through social media. For example, in 2009, a national pizza delivery chain suffered when two of its employees developed and posted a video that tainted the company’s image. The video went viral through Twitter. Within 48 hours, the consumers’ perception towards the company was adversely affected. Therefore, organisations have to ensure that their employees do not use social media in a way that harms the company’s reputation (O’Leary, Sheehan Lentz 2011). Conclusion The report illustrates the change in marketing models over the past few decades. One of the salient features of the marketing models relates to the importance of developing a sufficient understanding of the market. Consequently, they are of the opinion that it is important for marketing managers to collect and utilise a wide range of data in order to undertake effective marketing planning, which is a fundamental aspect in organisations effort to achieve the desired level competitiveness. The models are still relevant in the digital business environment because of their emphasis on developing sufficient marketing information and a strong relationship with customers.. The report also asserts that the changes occurring in the external business environment may have a remarkable impact on an organisation’s competitiveness. Therefore, it is essential for managers to understand the market dynamics. Technological change with regard to the emergence of various ICT mediums is one of the major aspects that should be evaluated. Currently, consumers are increasingly integrating ICT as their major source of product and service information, which has led to the development of an online community. Through various Internet-based platforms, consumers can interact with one another on various issues. Thus, the emergence of the digital age has remarkably influenced the consumers’ behaviour. In a bid to survive in such an environment, it is essential for organisational managers to formulate strategies that will enhance organisations capability in utilising ICT in their marketing processes. However, when implementing ICT in their marketing communication processes, it is imperative for organisations to be conscious of the challenges associated with the revolution in marketing communication. Organisations should be prepared to incur substantial cost in the course of implementing the necessary marketing communication technologies, which will enable firms to improve their competitiveness and hence their survival. Moreover, firms should appreciate the risks associated with integrating social media in their marketing communication platforms, which will enable the firms to be proactive when addressing the various risks that emerge. Recommendations Organisational managers should focus on evaluating customer relationship. Some of the factors that the firm should consider : Firms should be focused on developing a strong customer relationship. To achieve this, it is important for firms to focus on adopting customer-centric models such as the CRM model. Organisations should ensure that the information communication technologies incorporated are sufficiently interactive. Th is aspect will enable the firm to develop sufficient understanding of the consumers’ behaviour. Firms should respond to opinions made by consumers on various ICT platforms. It is also critical for organisations to personalise marketing communication using various information communication technologies, which can be achieved by integrating mobile technologies in their marketing communication processes, for example, by designing a mobile device platform. Organisations should formulate comprehensive policies and procedures that should guide the utilisation of its social media platforms. It is also imperative for organisations to review of the social media rules and regulations continuously. The review should be done under the watch of the organisation’s human resource, communications, information technology, and legal departments. It is also imperative for the set rules and regulations to be reviewed by an autonomous law firm. Prior to deciding on the social media platfor m to use, it is essential for the firms’ management teams to conduct a cost benefit analysis associated with integrating ICT in marketing communication. Reference List Al-Deen, H Hendricks, J 2012, Social media: usage and impact, Lexington Books, Lanham, MD. Brodie, R, Ilic, A, Juric, B Hollebeek, L 2011, ‘Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: an exploratory analysis’, Journal of Business Research, vol. 66 no.1, pp. 1-10. Coallier, J 2012, Introduction to marketing; digital age edition, Booktango, New York. Cooper, L 2000, ‘Strategic marketing planning for radically new products’, Journal of Marketing, vol. 64 no.1, pp.1-16. Dyllick, T Hockerts, K 2002, ‘Beyond the business case for corporate sustainability’, Business Strategy and the Environment, vol. 11, no.2, pp. 130-141. Gazzar, N Mourad, M 2012, ‘The effect of online communication on corporate brand image’, International Journal of Online Marketing, vol . 2 no. 1, pp. 1-15. Hengst, M Sol, H 2001, ‘The impact of ICT on inter-organisational coordination; guidelines from theory’, Special Series on Information Exchange in Electronic Markets, vol. 4 no. 3, pp. 129-139. Lancaster, G 2005, Management of marketing, Routledge, New York. Jacobson, J 2009, 42 rules of social media for small business, Superstar Press, Cupertino. Jadhav, M, Kamble, R Patil, M 2009, ‘Social media marketing: the next generation of business trends’, Journal of Computer Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 45-59. McGrath, M 2012, ‘Social media and employment: Is there a limit?’ Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, vol. 4 no.1, pp. 17-24. Nwankwo, S Gbadamosi, T 2010, Entrepreneurship marketing: principles and practices of SME marketing, Taylor Francis, New York. Obrien, C 2011, ‘The emergence of the social media empowered consumer’, Irish Marketing Review, vol. 21 no. 1/2, pp. 32-40. O’Le ary, S, Sheehan, K Lentz, S 2011, Small business smarts; building buzz with social media, Praeger, Santa Barbara, CA. Pulendran, S, Speed, R Widing, R 2002, ‘Marketing planning, market orientation and business performance’, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 37 no. 3, pp. 476-497. Pride, W 2009, Business, Cengage Learning, New York. Safko, L 2012, The social media bible; tactics, tools and strategies for business success, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken. Sayre, K, Rastogi, V, Zwillenberg, P Visser, J 2012, Marketing capabilities for the digital age, Boston Consulting Group, New York. Shin, K 2013, The executor of integrated marketing communications strategy: Marcom’s manager’s working model, SpringBriefs, New York. Simkin, L Dibb S 2008, Marketing planning: a workbook for marketing managers, Cengage Learning, London. Somers, G, Cain, J Jeffrey, M 2009, Essentials VCE business management: Units 1 and 2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Sweeney, S Craig, R 2011, Social media for business; 101 ways to grow your business without wasting your time, Maximum Press, Gulf Breeze, FL. Talloo, R 2007, Business organisations and management, Tata McGraw-Hill, New York. Thomas, D Barlow, M 2011, The executive’s guide to enterprise social media strategy; how social networks are radically transforming your business, Wiley, Hoboken. Thomas, M Wasmund, S 2011, The smarter way to do business, Capstone, Chichester. Wierenga, B 2008, Handbook of marketing models, Rotterdam: RSM Erasmus University. Annotated bibliography Brodie, R, Ilic, A, Juric, B Hollebeek, L 2011, ‘Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: an exploratory analysis’, Journal of Business Research, vol. 60 no.1, pp. 1-10. The authors of this article outline the importance of organisations investing in brand management. The authors are of the opinion that investing in consumer engagement is one of the most effective strategies that organisations acro ss the world can adopt. In order to achieve this goal, the authors assert that firms’ management teams should invest in various types of information communication technologies. The article has extensively described how organisations can develop a strong customer relationship and loyalty by integrating ICT. Consequently, the article is very informative on the role of ICT in nurturing a virtual brand community. Coallier, J 2012, Introduction to marketing; digital age edition, Booktango, New York. This book explores various marketing fundamentals. One of the aspects that the author emphasises on relates to the development of a strong brand name. Media is cited as one of the aspects that an organisation can integrate in order to develop a strong brand name. Media offers a platform through which organisations can make their presence known across the world. The authors further assert that it is critical for organisations to seek market feedback in order to evaluate its success. Int egrating ICT is highlighted as one of the avenues through which an organisation can seek market feedback more effectively and efficiently. Cooper, L 2000, ‘Strategic marketing planning for radically new products’, Journal of  Marketing, vol. 64 no.1, pp. 1-16. In this article, the author emphasises on the importance of integrating marketing planning in firms’ marketing processes. The authors focus on the importance of understanding the consumer’s decision-making process in order to influence their behaviour. Consequently, Cooper asserts that it is essential for marketers to conduct a comprehensive situation analysis. Decision to integrate the article was informed by the fact that it highlights how marketing planning can enable organisations to introduce new products into the market successfully. Technological change is cited as one of the aspects that organisations should evaluate in their marketing planning processes. Gazzar, N Mourad, M 2012, ‘T he effect of online communication on corporate brand image’, International Journal of Online Marketing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-15. This article highlights how organisations can integrate online communication in order to influence their customers hence leading to the development of a strong brand image. The article highlights how learning institutions can integrate online communication in improving the image of their institution. The article further opines that there is a strong degree of correlation between an organisations’ brand image and its online strategies. The authors are of the opinion that the internet has played a remarkable role in improving an organisation’s market position and hence its future success. Hengst, M Sol, H 2001, ‘The impact of ICT on inter-organisational coordination; guidelines from theory’, Special Series on Information Exchange in Electronic Markets, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 129-139. The authors cite Information and Communicati on Technology as a critical element that have led to improvement in organisations marketing processes. The authors further opine that ICT has contributed towards improvement in an organisations capabilities and hence their ability to coordinate with other stakeholders. According to the article, it is important for organisations to ensure that information communication technologies are effectively implemented in order to enhance the relationship with external stakeholders such as customers. Obrien, C 2011, ‘The emergence of the social media empowered consumer’, Irish  Marketing Review, vol. 21 no. 1/2, pp. 32-40. The journal cites social media as one of the user-generated platforms that have been developed in the 21st century. The emergence of social media has motivated organisations to shift from web 2.0 in their marketing processes. The author is of the opinion that social media has made consumers’ very powerful. Consequently, organisations have to take into a ccount the consumers’ opinions and perceptions in their marketing processes. Moreover, social media has significantly transformed traditional relationship marketing concepts. The article further highlights the importance of integrating social media in developing a strong business-consumer relationship. In summary, the author illustrates how social media has empowered consumers. Pulendran, S, Speed, R Widing, R 2002, ‘Marketing planning, market orientation and business performance’, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 37 no. 3, pp. 476-497. This journal emphasise on the importance of developing a comprehensive analysis on the relationship between marketing planning and the marketing concept. According to the authors, it is essential for organisations to develop a comprehensive understanding of the consumers’ behaviours in order to undertake marketing planning successfully. The article cites linking consumer behaviour and marketing planning as a fundamental role in promoting business performance. Thus, the authors assert that it is important for organisations to invest in technologies that can enhance their capacity to understand the consumers’ behaviour. Sayre, K, Rastogi, V, Zwillenberg, P Visser, J 2012, Marketing capabilities for the  digital age, Boston Consulting Group, New York. The book highlights digital revolution as one of the major factors affecting business operations. The authors cite the internet, mobile technologies and social media as some of the technologies that have led to transformation in consumer behaviour. The book highlights the change in consumer trend with regard to integration of emerging information communication technologies. Moreover, the authors highlight the challenges that are associated with the emergence of the digital age. Consequently, it is critical for marketers to be conversant with change in the market environment courtesy of ICT developments. Simkin, L Dibb S 2008, Marketing planni ng: a workbook for marketing managers, Cengage Learning, London. The book illustrates the importance of investing in marketing planning in organisations’ effort to develop competitive advantage. According to the authors, marketing planning is increasingly being integrated by organisations in different economic sectors. Moreover, the authors highlight marketing planning as one of the fundamental elements in marketing management. The authors assert that marketing planning encompasses various elements, which include marketing mix and marketing analysis. In summary, the book sufficient highlights how an organisation can adopt marketing planning in developing sufficient competitive advantage. Shin, K 2013, The executor of integrated marketing communications strategy:  Marcom’s manager’s working model, SpringBriefs, New York. The book outlines the basic theory of Integrated Marketing Communication. According to the author, the IMC strategy is fundamental in developi ng sufficient market awareness. Moreover, the author asserts that the emergence of ICT has remarkably transformed marketing communication. Organisations have increasingly integrated emerging information communication technologies in their marketing communication. Consequently, author emphasises that ICT has played a critical role in transforming marketing communication from being a one-way to a two-way phenomenon. This coursework on Marketing in the digital age was written and submitted by user Daisy Doyle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hampton Roads essays

Hampton Roads essays The Battle of Hampton Roads The battle of Hampton Roads often called the battle of the Monitor and the Merrimac was a naval battle (a battle fought using ships, which mainly occurred at sea.) The American Civil war taking place from March 8 to March 9 off Sewells Point a place near Hampton Roads, Virginia. There were a total of five ships engaged in the battle. From the US Navy, there were four ships, the USS Congress, USS Minnesota, USS Cumberland, and the USS Monitor. The CS Navy had only one ship the CSS Merrimack. On March 8, 1862 when the first Confederate ironclad steamed down the Elizabeth River into Hampton Roads to attack the wooden sided USS Cumberlands. After ramming and sinking the twenty four gun wooden Cumberland the Merrimac headed for the fifty-gun frigate Congress. The Merrimac fired shots into the Congress with terrific aim while the shots from the congress hit the iron without any injury. The result of the first day of fighting proved the superiority of iron over wood. The next day the U.S.S Monitor arrived on the scene prepared with iron against iron. The Confederate ironclad carried more guns than the Union monitor, but it was very slow, clumsy, and had many engine problems. The Union was the fastest ironclad but it lack rebels and power. Since bot h ships we iron neither one of them had any greater power over each other. Neither ironclad seriously damaged the other in their one day of fighting. The results of the battle were inconclusive, neither side could claim victory. The Union lost about 409 sailors and the Confederacy lost about 24 sailors. ...

My Genre-ation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Genre-ation - Essay Example He grew up in Vienna in a family of fourteen kids, him being the twelfth born. His interest and skills in music became apparent as early as when he was eleven years of age. Because of this extraordinary gift, Franz was allowed to join Chapel Royal Choir. During his early life, he received his education at the Imperial Seminary, gaining vast experience in practical music. His liking for music saw him achieve great strides by completing six symphonies by the time he was 22 years. Other achievements that he made were twelve piano sonatas, eleven string quartets, and the Trout Quintet. In general, Franz grew up to compose an estimated six hundred and forty songs. Most of his symphony pieces are in C major. Like other orchestral pieces, his works were also overwhelming with what was perceived to be technical difficulties (Clive, 9). The pieces are introduced with an unaccompanied unison theme that proceeds all the way to the 8th bar. It is a predominantly horn theme. Its purpose is that it acts to unify other subsequent themes and harmonize them at later stages to complement one another. This actually what brings forth the real feeling and function of the symphony. Later in the 8th bar, we find that the strings enter with a moving rhythmic triplet figure. This rhythm represents the feature of the first movement. From here, the next rhythm we progress to is a straight away lyrical episode, which takes in to consideration the initial 8 bars. These first bars are sustained with a solo woodwind. From here, the symphony then proceeds with some variants at fist. Staccato strings come in here to bring up the theme. Some scholars have interpreted the early use of staccato here to be a pace setter for a later melancholic mood given these variants. The next thing is that the theme then moves to lower strings as the Andante carries on. The purpose of having adante here is to explore the themes as well as the assembled rhythmic material.

Academic Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic Skills - Essay Example The aim of education, then, is the full intellectual, moral and spiritual development of the student. Students should acquire discipline and self-mastery, possess mental skills and have a firm character and goodwill. These dispositions are to serve the proper ends of humankind. Clearly students need practical skills to navigate in the everyday world, but the main orientation is toward the ideal, perfect, transcendent realm which truly defines human existence. Planning is one of the academic skills which helps to organize the education and personal schedule. Planning bridges the gap from "where we are" to "where we want to go." It makes it possible for things to occur which would not otherwise happen. In an overall sense, planning is a function that is intellectually demanding and the most basic of all education functions. Planning should logically precede the execution of the educational goals and strategies of organizing, directing, and controlling. It is a function of management wh ich is unique in that it provides direction for all group effort. The purpose of planning is to provide a student with a framework in which decisions can be made which will have an impact on the learning process. A conscious effort to systematize the effort and to manage its evolution is preferable to an unmanaged and haphazard evolution. The basic planning problem is how to allocate the limited resources. The major benefits to be expected from planning include an improved sense of direction for the learning and a student himself, better performance, increased understanding of the learning and its purpose, earlier awareness of problems, and more effective decisions. Assessment allows a student to choose between alternative and find the most reliable and objective information. Assessment, analysis and synthesis are closely connected with planning seen as a process for setting future direction, a means to reduce risk, and a vehicle for training managers. It is also a process for making strategic decisions, a way to develop consensus among top managers, and a means to develop a written long-range plan. Strategic planning can be defined as a method of guiding studnets so that their decisions and actions affect the future of the education process in a consistent and rational manner, and in a way desired by top management. Planning, assessment and restricting helps me to study the course and effective use my time resources and skills. Planning/thinking entails tactica) planning--the planning of those actions to be taken to put strategies into effect. This type of planning answers the question of how to get the job done. It often consists of specific objectives accompanied by short narrative action plans. Assessment may have two diametrically opposed definitions. One is that it is the overall encompassing effort for total planning of a learning process, meaning that planning is merely a portion or "tool" of learning. Planning and restructuring are a part of the day-to-day implementation of an strategic plan. I suppose that I have a good planning and restructuring skills, but need some practice in assessment and analysis. These skills are s core of the effective management of change within the course. It is the implementation of strategies developed to determine a new direction for the personal development through transition, so it may fulfill its responsibilities in a rapidly changing environment. I suppose that planning is not visionary or futuristic thinking, but an example of process versus substance. Planning is the process that creates a balance between what is desired and what is possible. Assessment enables students to distinguish truly important decisions from less important ones

Sports and Society - Examples of Each Category of Violence in Sport Assignment

Sports and Society - Examples of Each Category of Violence in Sport - Assignment Example Players can use body contact during tackling by using the upper body to push and shove opponents during a football game and this can qualify for borderline violence since it is not explicit in its nature. Using the hands to push other players when trying to control the ball. Sometimes, players will go all out and actually, assault another player defiantly qualifies as a brutal body contact. Quasi-criminal violence can come in the form of unprofessional conduct between players and can come in the form of threat, insults or other means that degrade the dignity and honour of a player, players or clubs. Criminal violence is organized violence against a player, group of players or a club where another player, players or club willfully connive to bring harm to the other in order to stop them from performing. (Hechter, 1977) 2. If we want to understand violence in sports, we must understand gender ideology and issues of masculinity in culture. How is masculinity related to violence in sports and how do issues of masculinity take on different meanings among men from different backgrounds? Give examples from the course material and from your own experiences as you discuss this issue. Sports have from time immemorial, been relegated to the domain of men. Aggression, displays of power and dominance, drivenness, and the male physic in all its powerful glory. Any sign of weakness, empathy and kindness were regarded as a sign of weakness. The Greek culture is the one that sport was birthed in and that is why it influenced many sporting worldviews. The Greeks were obsessed with power and its display in all its form for glory’s sake. The Greco-Roman culture idolized war and aggression as an expression of masculinity and this was seen in sports. Sporting events of the medieval times were gory events filled with real-life killings of wild animals and slaves who were called gladiators. The sole purposes of the gladiators were to fight and die in the arena for the sake of glory and entertainment.  Ã‚  

Live Interpretation of Heritage

Live Interpretation of Heritage Historic Sites, Museums and Galleries Live interpretation of Heritage Introduction Over the past few decades heritage and culture has become an important part of people’s life, especially in respect of their leisure and tourist activities (Boyd 2003, p.1). This is particularly true in the case of tourism, where the historical demand for tourist and leisure activities have waned in favour of those filled with more cultural elements. There is an increasing desire to visit historic sites, museums and galleries in an attempt by the individual to learn more about their heritage and those of other cultures and social groups. At the same time, today’s heritage visitor has become more discerning about the manner that these venues present heritage experience to them (Boyd 2003, p.2). In essence therefore, heritage can be seen to relate to historical events and settings and the visitor wants to experience those historical experiences as an almost physical event. However, despite the numerous researches and survey results that supports this change in the visitor demand, there is still evidence that a number of heritage sites, museums and galleries are failing to react positively to these findings (Black 2005, p.10), which in many cases has resulted in a drop in visitor numbers at these venues. This situation can have serious consequences, especially for those heritage sites that rely upon entrance fees to bridge the gap between state funding and the running costs of the venue. Even where this not the case, for example where government funding is used to provide free admission, such venues are still accountable to the state and need to prove that their establishment is delivering to the needs of the public, which a reduction in visitor numbers will not achieve. In an effort to address this problem the last two decades have seen an increase in literature related specifically to the manner in which heritage is displayed and portrayed to the visi tor, creating a new discipline under the general title of heritage interpretation. Heritage interpretation relates equally to the understanding of the site or objects displayed for the visitor and the motivation determinant and needs of that visitor (Blockley and Hems 2006, p.1). Until recently, most academics agree that heritage interpretation has been the least developed aspect of the venue’s promotion to the visitor (Boyd 2003 and Blockley and Hems 2006). Interpretation forms and integral part of the visitor experience and will influence the experience that they take away from the visit (Boyd 2003, p.193). Therefore, it follows that understanding what motivates a visitor or group of visitors will enable the museum, gallery or heritage site to be better able to display and promote their product (ibid 2003, p.64). For most visitors that motivation will be to gain pleasure and learning from the object or activity being displayed. In most cases, as Blockley and Hems (2006, p.10) suggest in their research the motivation for the visit is to fulfil the individual’s need for pleasure and leaning and if the heritage venue or object does not achieve this the visitor will leave dissatisfied. In fact, the visitor has come to expect to be greeted with visual views, and animated displays when visiting heritage sites (Dicks 2003, p.17). Thus it is essential for the venue managers to ensure their destination and its contents meet these requirements. One aspect of interpretation that has come to the fore in the minds of the visitor during recent years, and an area that academics agree is an essential part of interpretation, is the level of interaction that exists between the visitor and the heritage venue or object. A recent development in this respect is the increasing use of various forms of live interpretation within the heritage display and other venue activities, and it this area of interpretation that will form the focal point for this study. Live Interpretation Live interpretation of heritage is the most direct form of interaction between the visitor and the artefacts and events that are being exhibited at heritage sites and venues. Visitors and tourists today expect to see live heritage and cultural displays rather than inanimate objects displayed in empty or one dimensional building and display boxes. For example, visitors to industrial museums have come to expect to be treated to visual and moving displays of historical machinery and even to feel the experience through a living example of the society of the time (Dicks 2003, p.29). The process of live interpretation can be delivered in a number of formats. One early example of live interpretation was achieved by allowing the visitor to interact with working models, which enabled them to better interpret the processes that were involved with that models operational purpose. As the process of interpretation continued to evolve, these working models were enhanced by the inclusion of audio and visual interpretation methods, which research indicated were perceived to be more rewarding for the visitor than written text material, such as leaflets and books (Boyd 2003, p.231). The use of information and communication technology is another area of live interpretation that can prove effective, through a process of interactive involvement or displaying films and holographic images (Atkinson 2007). As Atkinson (2007) report further explains, by using ICT it is possible for the heritage site management to be able to â€Å"personalise and tailor exhibits and experiences to the individual or specific group’s needs.† However, today the most direct form of live interpretation is deemed to be that which involves physical face to face interaction between the visitor and a representative or group of representatives directly involved with the heritage site, either on a voluntary or employed basis (Blockley and Hems 2006, p.184), which most researchers identify as an interpreter. As these author’s point out â€Å"face to face interpretation is seen as the best form of enlivening the visitor experience† and certainly make them consider that it is time well spent. One important aspect needs to be mentioned in respect of the actions of the interpreter. This relates to their level of competence and degree of competence. As Boyd (2003, p.195) explains, â€Å"Whilst live interpretation is deemed the most effective form of interaction between visitor and the heritage object, poor quality in live interpretation is worse than nothing.† However, the degree to which the â€Å"interpreter† brings the heritage experience to life will depend upon the venue and its content. For example, they can range from the inclusion of a tour guide to costumed characters who re-enact the history and culture that the heritage site is promoting. This degree of variation and the appropriateness for the heritage venue will be further addressed in the following sections of this study. Museums and Galleries A number of researches have been conducted with the intention of discovering how much time visitors spent in museums and to what extent the format and display of the exhibits influenced the length of visit. One such survey, conducted for the research carried out by Boyd (2003, pp.77-78) found that there was a point of time at which visitors interest in the exhibits began to wane and the inclination to â€Å"head for the exit† began to dominate their thought processes. This was especially found to be true where the interpretation of the exhibits relied solely upon the basic strategy of display. For example, unless the visitor has a specific historical or academic interest in the specific artefacts being displayed within the venue, which only relates to a small segment of the population, after a while one exhibit, be that a painting, vase or another kind of inanimate object, all began to look alike to the visitor. At that stage the pleasure and learning gained from the experienc e began to deteriorate. There still exists the purist view that will argue against the introduction of live interpretation has no place within museums and galleries. Their reasoning is that the visitor should be allowed to interpret the exhibit free from the influence of what those who hold this opinion perceive to be external interference. However, although as stated previous this might be relevant for those who have a dedicated reason for visiting the museum or galleries it was becoming apparent to the mangers of these venues that this was not concurred with by the majority of visitors upon whom these museums and galleries depended. Therefore, remedial and innovative action was seen to be required if the decline in visitor numbers was to be reversed. It became apparent that some of the key qualities that visitors expected to experience from viewing a particular exhibit were clarity, poignancy, attractiveness together with a dynamic presentation (Boyd 2003, p.224). However, in the case of many visitors it proved difficult achieve the satisfaction of many of these qualities unless the object or exhibit was appropriately interpreted in the first place. This did not mean that the museums and galleries had to introduce moving or highly interactive interpretation process for all of their exhibits. In many instances it was simply a question of introducing a tour guide (Dicks 2003, p.171). This would involve employing a person who had sufficient knowledge and experience about the exhibit to be able to provide an appropriate interpretation, which the visitor could consider and come to their own informed opinion. An example of where such a tour guide is frequently used is in the Royal heritage. Often professional interpreters are used to b ring the heritage to life, as is the case with the royal palaces (Blockley and Hems 2006, p.45). To maintain the dignity of these historical sites it would be inappropriate to introduce some of the more technological based live interpretation methods, such as videos, films and other gadgetry. In such cases therefore, the tour guide will be employed to act as the face-to-face interactive interpreter. The heritage visitor or tourist would not expect any greater level of interpretation in such delicate and reverent historical surroundings, and the same reasoning would be applied to heritage sites of religious significance, such as historical churches and cathedrals. Nevertheless, there are other museums and galleries where the more proactive and interactive live interpretation methods are useful in improving the visitor experience. Providing visitors with a method that allows personal live interpretation, for instance by using computer generated informational processes that explain the origins of the object or gives more information relating to its original use and purpose, can enhance the benefits that the visitor receives from viewing the object. Another method that is being used more frequently within the museum and gallery environment is to make the object or artefact live by introducing information and communication technology process that allow it to move and react (Atkinson 2007, p.7). Black 2005, p.264) promotes the increased use of files within the museum, arguing that this manner of interpretation is more likely to enable the visitor to experience the object as a living thing, thus creating a psychological connection. One area of museu ms where these methods have proven to be particularly successful is in the field of natural science. For example, presenting the dinosaur animal generation in an interactive and live interpretation method provides the visitor with a better idea of the size, power and a concept of the physical damage that such creatures could cause. Another recent development within the museum sector of heritage is the evolution of the open-air museum (Boyd 2003, p.224). Because of the difference of the environment for the exhibit, these venues have developed an interpretation process that is far more focused on its live element. In effect the visitor can almost touch a living exhibit and, through the detailed live interpretation process, is transported back to the historical times during which the object was created. In fact, by the use of costumes and special effects often in these cases the visitor will feel as if they have had a personal connection with these events. Research has shown that, where museums and galleries have adopted some of these live interpretation measures within their venues, and to provide a better understanding of the exhibit, this has resulted in a positive effect on the length of a visitor’s stay (Black 2005, p.257). Furthermore, it has also had a positive impact in that visitor numbers have seen improvement in many instances. Historic sites As Jane Malcolm-Davies (2003, p.1) mentions in the introduction to the process of using costumed robes for live heritage interpretation, historic sites are finding it increasingly difficult to survive in the competitive environment of the leisure and tourism industry, not least because of the reduction in government funding, but also because of the impact of competing sites. As a result they have to resort to new and innovative measures for interpreting theirs sites in a manner that will increase visitor numbers. To stand out from the crowd and gain a competitive advantage that will lead to an increase in visitor numbers, live interpretation of the heritage value of these sites often has to resort to making the historical event come alive, a process that is most commonly referred to as re-enactment. These live interpretation events can take a number of forms. Some of the best known would be the re-enactment of historical civil wars, with authenticity attempted in every aspect of the actor’s costumes and equipment, accompanied by the realistic noise of battle. In other cases, the event might involve a live reconstruction of a home or village as the actors perceived it to be in historical times. Alternative versions of these occur where industrial processes, plants, and retail business environments are re-created to resemble how it might have looked in yesteryear. In a number of cases there is an invitation for the visitor to join in with the experience, creating for them a unique memory of the occasion. However, as with the use of live interpretation developments in museums and galleries, there has been some intense disagreement inn the past between academics and members of the historical heritage groups regarding the use of re-enactment and the use of costumes, with the opponents considering it to be fake (Sansom 1996, p.134). Indeed, many of those who hold this opinion consider this approach little more than theatrical nonsense. It is probably partly because of this reaction that it took until the latter part of the 1980’s before heritage sites began to employ â€Å"paid, permanent, costumed staff as an integral part of their daily interpretation† activities (Hicks 1994, p.9). The difficulty was that, before the employment of professional interpreters or â€Å"actor† there could be said to be some truth in the opposing argument. However, to the extent that these objectors delayed the introduction of a more professional approach to the live interpretation, it could be said that they contributed to the poor standard of interpretation that previously existed. In his dissertation thesis in 1990, Robershaw (1990, p.31) found from his research into the situation with regard to costumed interpreters that whilst it had the cosmetic effect of creating a more realistic atmosphere, this was not at that time communicated to the visitor. The same author quoted other literature that, like his own, concluded that visitors were demanding that the historical site managers should deliver a more â€Å"interactive experience†, which was clearing not happening at that time. It was also argued that because of the educational leanings, the resultant experience lack ed any element of fun and entertainment. The remarkable thing is that, since the introduction of live costumed and professional methods of interpretation (Sansom 1996, p.122 and Malcolm-Davies 200, p.9), this element of interaction and increased in the value of entertainment and fun has become more evident. The improvement has led to a situation where it has been found to the level of recall and understanding that is experienced by the visitor. Most academics, including Black (2005, p.117) and Dicks (2003, p.49) are now firmly of the opinion that historic and cultural sites that adopt the live approach to interpretation and encourages interaction with the visitor, even to the extent of re-enacting historic events, do find that it leads to an increase in visitor numbers. Furthermore, it leads to a greater degree of satisfaction of their need for enjoyment and learning. The proponents of live interpretation for historical sites argue that these re-enactments, especially now that they are more professional in nature, can be considered to be displaying an improved and closer depiction of the actual event, and therefore should be viewed as being more authentic. Furthermore, they will also argue that these events are serving to deliver to the main demands of the visitor, in that they provide a much greater depth of learning, whilst at the same time satisfying the visitor demand for them to include an element of fun and entertainment. The managers of these historical sites will also argue that, the inclusion of live interpretation and re-enactment within the promotional element of the destination, such moves are also serving the objectives of the destination, which are a) to remain self-sufficient in terms of funding and b) to assist the destination in achieving a competitive advantage over other similar destinations. They would further argue that the reported visitor number increases for the industry sector as a whole, and many of the destinations individually, support their choice of interpretation methods. Conclusion As has been mentioned in the introduction section of this research, over the past few years there has been increasing pressure exerted upon the managers of historic sites, museums and galleries to become self sufficient and accountable for the value achieved as a result of the limited resources provided to them from the public purse. It is natural that, in order to meet these conditions, the managers of these sites have been forced to consider a more innovative solution to promoting their destinations (Dicks 2003, p.122). An increasing number have turned to the use of live interpretation as a means of providing a resolution to the problems they have been facing. In the past there may have been some merit to the argument raised by opponents to live interpretation. These might have been justified especially where those elements of this process went as far as the inclusion of costumes and re-enactment. This justification can be linked with the lack of professionalism that existed at that time. However, in most cases that position has changed and the introduction of professional actors, directors and costume designers have dramatically improved this element of live interpretation. However, in the final analysis of the appropriateness of these methods of live interpretation it is the results produced that determine their success or failure. When one poses the question whether the adoption of these new approaches to interpretation have had the desired effect in terms of increasing the numbers of visitors being seen at historic sites, museums and galleries, the external researches studied by the author all support a positive response. Similarly, looking at it from the viewpoint of the other main stakeholder, the heritage visitor, the question to be asked is whether â€Å"live† interpretation promotional methods have improved their enjoyment of the experience and is more completely meeting their demands and needs. Here, again, current research and survey results confirm that this is the case. In fact, as Hunt (2004, p.387) states in his detailed research on heritage and interpretation., â€Å"acting the part has now become almost essential, as most visitor s have come to expect it!† In conclusion therefore, it is found that live interpretation is more effective as a method of education and learning, and as a means of visitor entertainment, than has been the case with most of the other methods of destination promotion adopted by historic sites, museums and galleries in the past. It is therefore recommended that those destinations that have yet to adopt these methods, and are experiencing difficulty in meeting financial or public accountability standards, should seriously considered following the example of the many institutions that have benefitted from live interpretation. Bibliography Atkinson, S (2007) The value of information and communications technology in natural heritage interpretation Scottish Natural Heritage. Retrieved 8 August 2008 from: http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/commissioned_reports/ReportNo218.pdf Black, G (2005). The Engaging Museum: Developing Museums for Visitor Involvement. Routledge, Abingdon, UK Blockley, M and Hems, A (eds) (2006). Heritage Interpretation: Theory and Practice. Routledge, Abingdon, UK Boyd, S and Timothy, D (2003). Heritage Tourism. Pearson Education, Harlow, UK Dicks, B (2003). Culture on Display. Open University Press. Maidenhead, UK. Dray, C (1999). History as Re-enactment: R.G. Collingwoods â€Å"Idea of History†. Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK Hicks, D. (1994). The use of living history events at historic sites and buildings, master’s thesis, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom. Hunt, S.J (2004). Acting the part: ‘living history’ as a serious leisure pursuit. Leisure Studies, Vol.23, No.4, pp.387-403 Malcolm-Davies (2003). Borrowed Robes: The educational value of costumed interpretation at historic sites. Retrieved 8 August 2008 from http://www.esade.es/cedit2003/pdfs/malcomdaviesjm.pdf Robertshaw, A. (1990). Acts of imagination. Museums journal, Vol. 3, pp.30-31. Ransom, E. (1996). Peopling the past: current practices in archaeological site interpretation. In Archaeological displays and the public: methodology and interpretation (McManus, P. Ed.), pp.118-137, Institute of Archaeology, London’

My Educational Philosophy Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teaching

My Educational Philosophy Choosing a major is a very difficult decision to make for everyone. It has to be something that you can spend the rest of your life doing and should enjoy. When I think back to my elementary years through my senior year of high school, all I ever wanted to be was a dentist. I took the classes that would better prepare me in the dentistry field. There at the last second, I switched my major. It was first semester of my senior year of high school when my favorite teacher, Mrs. Fowler, asked me to teach Spanish to the kindergarten class at Piney View Elementary School. As soon as I walked into the classroom and saw the sixteen pairs of eyes gleaming at me, I realized that this is what I want to do for the rest of my life. I want to become a teacher and work with young children everyday. The thought of having my own classroom and being able to teach the children so many new things gets me so excited that I cannot even describe it. I cannot wait to graduate and start t eaching in my own classroom. When I was in elementary school I had every kind of teacher imaginable; nice, crazy, mean, scary, loony, and cool. Each one had their own way of teaching, which I enjoyed. The problem was more about some of their personalities. One thing that I learned was that it is not fair to teach your own child in a school. I think that the child should either go to a different school for that grade or if the school offers a different teacher then that is better. I know not all teachers who have their child in class treat them differently, but still I think that it is unfair to the other students. I want to be more like the cool teacher I had, Mrs. Ivey. She was a very understandabl... ...ished work and I will be there, by their side to help them if needed. To me, teachers are like guides, we walk students through steps of learning, and eventually one day the students will be on their own teaching someone else. In summary, I plan on using the behaviorism, progressivism, and essentialism philosophies. I believe that these three philosophies are important in my classroom. The most important goal in my profession is to prepare children to be the future leaders of our world. I want my students to enjoy life, have high self-esteem and know that I will always be there for them when they need someone. I am going to lighten their lives and they will do the same for me. I know everything is going to work out this way because I will make it happen. I have set my goals; they are in my grasp, all I have to do now is hold on to them.